Homemade heating boilers for a house with water heating. How and from what homemade products are made for heating a house
Stainless steel sheet construction
Despite the huge variety of types and models of boiler equipment, the desire to make a heater on your own, with your own hands, does not leave the Russian "home-made" ones. Even the fact that a home-made electric boiler, in case of errors during design and installation, can become a source of serious danger does not stop home craftsmen. Consider how you can make an inexpensive and safe boiler with your own hands.
Electric and solid fuel
There are several types of boiler equipment, which differ primarily in the type of fuel used. The most popular are:
- Electric.
- Solid fuel (pellet) boiler.
- Gas equipment.
pellet
Despite the fact that in last years gasification is almost universal, gas-powered equipment is still rarely installed in rural areas. The main area of its application is city apartments and country cottages, which are close in terms of living comfort to the conditions of a metropolis. In villages, solid fuel equipment is more often installed - wood, pellet or coal boilers.
The most important advantage that distinguishes a solid fuel (pellet or wood) heating boiler is low cost and ease of operation. In the countryside, firewood remains the cheapest fuel to this day, and the possibility of delivering gas to remote corners of the country is still practically in the realm of fantasy.
Electric
It has a lot of advantages, but all of them are covered by one significant minus - high operating cost. In some way, the disadvantages of the equipment can also be considered:
- Energy dependence of the system. A power outage will result in negative consequences for the entire heating network, and not just for the appliance itself. To minimize the risk of system defrosting in the event of a power outage, additional installation emergency generator.
- The electrical network must be able to withstand a significantly increased load. An additional line may be required. Be sure to install a separate machine.
- The appliance must be connected by a qualified electrician. Unprofessional installation is life-threatening.
According to the principle of operation, electrode and heating elements are distinguished. We will not dwell on the first ones, since it is extremely difficult to design and mount such a device. Let's take a closer look at TEN devices.
Heating in such a boiler is carried out in a tubular heater. From it, heat is transferred to the coolant circulating in the system. Water or antifreeze can be pumped as a coolant.
Do-it-yourself heating boiler
Differences between heating elements and induction
For heating element is the main element. Without it, it is impossible to convert electrical energy into thermal energy. The heating element is placed in the housing and connected to regulators, sensors, control boards and other additional units designed to facilitate the operation of the equipment.
If there is a system in the house with a pipeline having thick walls, the heating element can be installed directly into it. The pipe will act as a body. This design has a number of disadvantages, but it has the right to exist. Very often, the heating element is installed in the heating system as an emergency source of thermal energy. In the event that the main boiler stops working for any reason, you can simply connect the heating element, which will heat the coolant. Depending on the specific situation, the heating element can heat water to a minimum temperature in order to prevent only defrosting of the system, or it can operate at full capacity, providing heat to the whole house.
Another common design is the variant with a removable pipe. In general, it is similar to the previous version, but allows you to quickly remove and replace the heating element in case of failure, repair, etc. This design is more difficult to manufacture, but compared to the previous one, it is universal.
A little more difficult...
Drawing homemade boiler
Despite the existence of alternative ways of using electricity in heating systems, the best option still remains a full-fledged boiler. The boiler body is best made of steel. This choice is justified in terms of safety, durability of the structure, as well as ease of manufacture. You can create a case using a conventional welding machine. Such work does not require any serious special skills.
Do not make a large body. The smaller the dimensions of the boiler, the more efficient it works. What if the house is large and you need a unit whose power will allow you to heat a large amount of water? Refuse the electric boiler in favor of another type of equipment. Electrical devices suitable for heating small country house, but when heating large cottages, they will not be the best choice.
The body can be of any shape, but it must be hermetically welded on both sides. There are two holes on both sides. Through one, the coolant is supplied to the system, through the other, the cooled water enters the boiler.
heating element
Types of heating elements
The biggest difficulty in manufacturing is choosing the right heating element. Its power should be enough to heat the coolant and water in the DHW system (if necessary, its arrangement). Power is selected on the basis of the calculations. When designing a supply system hot water it is better to choose a heating element with high power ratings.
The heating element is installed in the body on the bottom cover, opposite the hole through which the cooled coolant is supplied to the heater. It is worth installing shut-off valves in the pipeline next to the boiler to ensure the maintainability of the device. Shut-off valves will allow you to turn off the boiler if necessary without draining the water from the system. As a rule, heating systems with an electric boiler are made with forced circulation, which will also require the connection of pumping equipment.
electrical panel
The operation of electrical equipment is provided by the energy of the power grid. To connect a home-made device to the latter, you will need to design an electrical panel. Be sure to connect a three-phase input. It is better to entrust this part of the work to a qualified electrician, since the cost of an error is disproportionately high.
A starter, automation, relay, electrical appliance controls are installed in a metal shield. The system must be grounded. The effectiveness of grounding should be checked annually by employees of specialized organizations. The data obtained by measurements must be recorded in the protocol. The simplest way grounding is as follows. Under the floor is a structure made of a bolt welded to a metal pin. An electrical wire coming from the shield is screwed to the bolt. As you can see, everything is simple.
Factory electrical panel
The electrical circuit of the device will include the following elements:
- Machine.
- Magnetic switch.
- Control buttons.
- Toggle switch and relay.
- Circuit breakers.
- Thermal sensors.
- Additional automation (if necessary).
After connecting to the mains, you can make the first start-up of the boiler and test the system.
Conclusion
As you can see, making an electric boiler with your own hands is not difficult at all. In fact, the help of a specialist is required only when installing the electrical panel. All other work is easy to do on your own and does not require any special skills. Despite the simplicity of work, experts recommend not to experiment and purchase a ready-made industrial model. It is not difficult to choose a suitable option, including in terms of price, but the reliability and safety of such structures is many times higher than "homemade".
The heating system of a private house is a complex piping scheme, the heart of which is a heating boiler. The coolant is heated in it, which, under the influence of the laws of physics or with the help of circulation pump it moves through the pipes, enters the radiators, where it gives off its heat, and cools down and returns to the boiler again. And this process is repeated ad infinitum.
The modern market of boiler and heating equipment today offers a huge range of heating appliances. Unfortunately, the price of many models is not affordable for everyone. Therefore, some consumers are faced with the question of whether it is possible to make a heating boiler with their own hands, will this home-made device work as efficiently as factory counterparts? You can make a boiler if you are a good welder and it will work no worse.
Types of heating boilers
First of all, you need to decide which boiler is needed for your home. This will depend on the fuel that will be used for kindling. Hence the classification:
- gas;
- electrical;
- solid fuel;
- liquid fuel.
Electrical
Any of these boilers can be made by hand. The simplest of them is electric. In fact, this is a tank in which the heating element is mounted. From the tank there are still two branch pipes connected to the supply and return circuits. There is no chimney, no combustion chamber, everything is simple.
All are good, but they have two drawbacks. First, electricity is the most expensive fuel. Second: when the voltage drops in the network (and this happens with enviable constancy), the boiler stops working correctly. Its power decreases, the coolant temperature drops.
Gas
The rest of the designs are more complex. And they are almost identical to each other with some differences. Concerning gas boiler, then you will need permission from the gas service to install it.
Representatives of this organization may not accept such a heating unit for installation. First of all, they will require it to be pressure tested in their laboratory.
The presence of an act is a guarantee that permission will still be given to you.
The operation of this option is associated with great difficulties. First, you will have to build a separate warehouse near the house where the fuel will be stored. Everything in it must comply with fire safety requirements.
Secondly, a pipeline will have to be pulled from the warehouse to the boiler room. It must be insulated. Thirdly, a special burner is installed in this type of boiler, which must be adjusted. This is not so easy to do in terms of setup.
Solid fuel
It is this type of boilers that today is most often made by home craftsmen with their own hands. For small cottages and cottages, this is the best option. Moreover, firewood is by far the cheapest type of fuel.
We will talk about how to make a solid fuel boiler for heating a house below.
What will be needed?
As mentioned above, in order to weld a heating unit, you must be a good welder. Work at the level of an amateur is not suitable here.
Tools
What is required for this work. Of the tools you will need:
- electric welding machine;
- gas cutter;
- Bulgarian;
- a hammer;
- roulette;
- marker or chalk.
materials
From materials:
- seamless pipe with a diameter of 425 mm;
- pipe with a diameter of 100 mm;
- pipe with a diameter of 25 mm;
- metal sheet 4 mm thick;
- two drives with a diameter of 25 mm;
- small loops;
- corner 25 mm;
- fittings with a diameter of 8 mm.
Project
Many beginners look for boiler drawings on the Internet or in specialized technical literature and are already working on them. Basically, this is the right way.
Most importantly, find drawings that indicate the dimensions of the heater.
Case manufacturing
So, first of all, the details of the future unit are prepared. The body of the heater will be made from a 425 mm pipe. For a small heating boiler, a height of 1.0-1.2 m, taking into account the small diameter, is the best option.
We cut the pipe to these dimensions using a gas cutter. We process the edges with a grinder.
Now it is necessary to cut two holes in the body: for the firebox and for the blower. They must be rectangular. For a firebox, a size of 20x10 cm is suitable, for a blower 20x3 cm. They are located one above the other, the furnace hole is higher.
The distance from the edge of the pipe to the blower is within 5-7 cm. The distance between the holes is 5 cm. The edges of the hole are processed with a grinder. The cut out piece of the pipe wall for the firebox will be used as a door. Its edges are also cleaned.
Using a cutter, two more holes are cut for the supply and return pipes with a diameter of 25 mm. The holes are opposite each other. At the same time, the return hole is cut out on the side of the boiler above the furnace: from the furnace hole at a distance of 15 cm.
At a distance of 5 cm, only from the upper edge of the housing, a hole is cut for supplying the coolant. Immediately, two drives can be welded to these holes.
From sheet metal three pancakes are cut out: two with a diameter of 425 mm, one with a diameter of 412 mm. The latter will be installed inside the body, and since the wall thickness of the pipe is 6 mm, 12 mm falls on the diameter, plus 1 mm for free entry.
In one of the pancakes with a diameter of 425 mm and in a circle of 412 mm, a hole with a diameter of slightly more than 100 mm is cut in the center. A chimney is being prepared from a 100 mm pipe. For this, a segment of 120-130 mm is cut. Pieces 50 mm long are cut from a 25 mm pipe for the legs of the boiler. A grate for an ash pan is made from the reinforcement, the size of the inner diameter of the body is taken as a basis.
Assembling the heating unit
First of all, a chimney is welded to a 412 mm pancake. Then, inside the body at a height of 30-35 cm from the furnace hole, temporary stops must be welded. It can be wire or fittings. A pancake with a chimney falls on top of them.
Main joints
And now the most important point- it is necessary to weld the pancake and the boiler body together. It is necessary to boil the seam on both sides and it must be done with high quality. This joint is the junction of the firebox and the water tank.
The next step concerns the combustion chamber. On the reverse side of the chimney, a finished reinforcement grate is inserted into the body.
Then, from a corner of 25 mm, several pieces are cut out by a grinder, which are welded inside the boiler between the furnace hole and the blower. These will be the stops on which the grate will lie.
Lower body
And the last. It is necessary to weld a 425 mm pancake to the lower edge of the body, weld four legs from a 25 mm pipe 5 cm high to it. Next, hinges are welded on which the firebox door is hung.
Blower valve design
The design can be different: in the form of a conventional door, in the form of a gate (this is a damper that moves in the plane of the hole), in the form of a rotary damper with holes in the body. Finished products are sold that are simply welded in place.
You can weld a one-piece structure with your own hands and attach it to the boiler. Of all the proposed options, the simplest is either a door or a gate.
Testing and connection to the system
Ready for home heating. Now you need to check it. To do this, a plug is screwed onto one of the drives, and water is poured into the second. If water does not pass through the welds, then the welding was carried out at a high level.
You should not be afraid that the heating unit will leak during operation. The finished unit is connected to the heating system country house. That is, the drives are connected to the supply and return pipes of the coolant.
The chimney is being installed. Please note that this element of the device must exit vertically upwards. If it is not possible to arrange it in this way, then there should be a minimum number of taps.
In an unheated attic, it will have to be insulated.
First kindling
It is very important to correctly conduct the first furnace. In this case, you can not use a large amount of fuel. A small bookmark should heat the unit itself, especially the chimney. With a sharp increase in temperature, condensation may form on its walls, which will turn into tar, narrowing the diameter. And this is a decrease in thrust, which is responsible for the correct operation of the heater.
Gap adjustment
During the combustion process, the gap in the blower is adjusted. It is necessary to find the optimal size that will provide the combustion chamber with the necessary amount of fresh air (oxygen).
Be sure to pay attention to the height of the bookmark. Its upper edge should be located at a distance of 20 cm from the inner pancake. This distance will ensure optimal combustion of wood or coal. In this case, smoke and carbon monoxide will be freely removed through the chimney.
Principle of operation
In fact, a traditional solid fuel boiler works like a conventional stove. There is also a firebox in which firewood (coal, pellets and other types of wood) burns. solid fuel). The released energy heats the coolant located in the tank above the combustion chamber.
The heat carrier in this design is heated both from the internal pancake and from the chimney, which pierces through the container with water. At the same time, the boiler body also heats up, which creates an accumulative effect that prevents rapid cooling when the unit is turned off.
The heated coolant rises and exits through the upper pipe into the supply circuit of the heating system. The cooled coolant enters the boiler through the lower pipe connected to the return circuit.
Other options
A solid fuel boiler for heating a house can be made in the form of a cube from a metal sheet 4 mm thick. This is a more complex design, in which you will have to assemble a separate combustion chamber. It turns out that a combustion chamber is installed in the boiler body. And between the walls of the two structures, the coolant will circulate. It's over effective option but difficult to manufacture. It has a lot of welds, which reduces the reliability and safety of operation.
The direct work associated with the installation of a boiler or other heating system is quite complicated, as it has its own specific features that are important for the activity. These installation processes are mostly carried out by true specialists. However, independent work has not been canceled. In addition, studying the system and the work itself can seem quite interesting.
Boiler heating system
Homemade is a device used to heat a certain room or residential area. gas boilers According to their structural part, they are divided into several types:
- Gas convection unit, which uses exclusively fuel energy of combustion. The scheme of the considered device is very simple. As for the cost price, it is available to every consumer;
- The gas conditioning unit is able to increase the thermal percentage of return in relation to the fuel used. It is installed similarly to simple convection equipment;
- The gas condensing unit is used when using vapors. Basically, this equipment is installed in residential buildings. The installation system is complex. That is why the work should be done by a specialist. The cost price for this type of gas boiler is higher than the options described above. And this is no accident, since the thermal level of return can significantly save financial resources on fuel.
Open and closed chamber
Open and closed chamber allows you to understand how the heating works. The combustion chamber open view makes it possible to draw air from the heated room. Power grids do not affect traction power. At prices, open cameras are quite affordable. The installation of the equipment in question provides for regular ventilation of the room.
A good option would be a built-in ventilation system.
Closed chambers in boilers already have a fan in their structure, capable of both ventilating and supplying air to the entire system. This case allows you not to install additional hoods, which significantly saves costs. In rooms where there is a stationary chimney, the closed version of the boilers will be an ideal unit.
Gas-generating heating boiler
The gas generating boiler is classified into several types:
- Cast iron and steel equipment;
- Wood and coal fired equipment. This type is characterized by low price and practicality. Burning time is approximately twelve hours;
- Pyrolysis boilers operating on solid fuels and other wood waste. The gas in this case burns out in the lower chamber of the boiler, which allows you to keep warm for a whole day. This fact confirms that pyrolysis equipment is the ideal heating solution.
Gas-fired boilers are able to operate on any type of fuel, respectively, the percentage of return is much higher, and consumption is lower.
Specially designed outlets allow the already cooled smoke to pass unhindered.
Highlights of a homemade boiler
A homemade gas heating boiler can be made in a home workshop. No special material is required, as what is available is sufficient. The most important point in the manufacture of this equipment is its neat appearance and correct design.
When working on the boiler, it is necessary to take into account some of the nuances:
- Type of direct device. It is very important to decide which fuel will subsequently be used to supply the unit. It is this fact that affects the design of the equipment;
- Help of strangers in the assembly;
- Compliance with the requirements and instructions prescribed in the instructions. It is necessary to take into account certain dimensional indicators, compliance with the room, as well as the installation location. By following these points, you can make a safe boiler with a long service life;
- involves passing numerous checks after its production. It is they who will make it possible to understand whether it is worth exploiting the product in question.
For the production of the boiler, you need to have a certain list of tools with you:
- screws;
- electric welding;
- Screwdrivers;
- ruler;
- Knife for metal;
- Compressor.
All work consists of several stages:
- material adjustment;
- Studying instructions;
- Direct implementation.
An excellent option would be to work with a gasman.
Thus, the process will go much faster and more efficiently. And the subsequent check will become the most reliable and reliable.
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When designing a heating system for a private house, many owners, in order to reduce the cost of purchasing equipment, prefer home-made heating boilers to factory ones. Indeed, factory units are quite expensive, but it is quite possible to do if you have competent drawings and skills in handling tools for machining materials, as well as with a welding machine.
The scheme of operation of hot water boilers, as a rule, is universal - thermal energy, which is released during the combustion of fuel, is transferred to the heat exchanger, from where it goes to heating appliances for home heating. The design of the units can be very different, like the fuel used and the materials for manufacturing.
Pyrolysis boilers long burning
The scheme of operation of a long-burning pyrolysis device is based on the process of pyrolysis (dry distillation). In the process of smoldering firewood, wood gas is released, which burns at very high temperature. At the same time, a large amount of heat is released - it goes to heat the water heat exchanger, from where it enters through the main line into the heaters to heat the house.
Solid fuel pyrolysis boilers- a rather expensive pleasure, so many owners prefer to make a home-made heating boiler for their home.
The design of such a unit is quite simple. Solid fuel pyrolysis boilers consist of the following elements:
- Firewood loading chamber.
- Grate.
- Volatile gas combustion chamber.
- A smoke exhauster is a means of providing forced draft.
- Water type heat exchanger.
Firewood is placed in the loading chamber, set on fire and the damper is closed. In an airtight space, when firewood smolders, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen are formed. They enter a special compartment, where they burn out - while a large amount of heat is released. It is used to heat the water circuit, from where, together with the heated coolant, it goes to heat the house.
The fuel combustion time for such a water-heating device is about 12 hours - this is quite convenient, since there is no need to visit it often to load a new portion of firewood. For this reason solid fuel boilers pyrolysis action is very highly valued among the owners of houses in the private sector.
The drawing in the diagram clearly demonstrates all the design features of pyrolysis hot water boilers.
In order to independently manufacture such a device, you will need a grinder, a welding machine and the following consumables:
- Sheet of metal 4 mm thick.
- Metal pipe with a diameter of 300 mm with a wall thickness of 3 mm.
- Metal pipes with a diameter of 60 mm.
- Metal pipes with a diameter of 100 mm.
The step-by-step manufacturing algorithm is as follows:
- We cut off a section 1 m long from a pipe with a diameter of 300 mm.
- Next, you need to attach the bottom of sheet metal - for this you need to cut out a section of the required size and weld it to the pipe. Stands can be welded from the channel.
- Next, we make an air intake. We cut out a circle with a diameter of 28 cm from sheet metal. In the middle we drill a hole with a size of 20 mm.
- We place a fan on one side - the blades should be 5 cm wide.
- Next, we put a tube with a diameter of 60 mm and a length of more than 1 m. We attach a hatch on the upper side so that it is possible to adjust the air flow.
- A fuel hole is required at the bottom of the boiler. Next, you need to weld and attach the hatch for hermetic closing.
- Place the chimney on top. It is placed vertically at a distance of 40 cm, after which it is passed through a heat exchanger.
Solid fuel pyrolysis water-heating devices very effectively provide heating for a private house. Them independent production helps to save a very significant amount of money.
How to make a steam boiler with your own hands
Scheme of action steam systems heating is built on the use of thermal energy of hot steam. During the combustion of fuel, a certain amount of heat is generated, which enters the hot water section of the system. There, the water turns into steam, which high pressure flows from the hot water section to the heating main.
Such devices can be single-circuit and double-circuit. The single-circuit device is used only for heating. Double-circuit also provides the presence of hot water supply.
The steam heating system consists of the following elements:
- Hot water steam device.
- Stoyakov.
- Highways.
- heating radiators.
The drawing in the figure clearly demonstrates all the nuances of the design of the steam boiler.
You can weld such a unit with your own hands if you have some skills in handling a welding machine and tools for machining materials. The most important part of the system is the drum. We connect pipes of the water circuit and instruments for control and measurement to it.
Water is pumped into the upper part of the unit using a pump. Pipes are directed downwards, through which water enters the collectors and the lifting pipeline. It passes in the fuel combustion zone and water is heated there. In fact, the principle of communicating vessels is involved here.
First you need to think through the system well and study all its elements. Then you need to purchase all the necessary consumables and tools:
- Stainless steel pipes with a diameter of 10-12 cm.
- Stainless steel sheet 1 mm thick.
- Pipes with a diameter of 10 mm and 30 mm.
- Safety valve.
- Asbestos.
- Tools for machining.
- Welding machine.
- Devices for control and measurements.
- We make a body from a pipe 11 cm long with a wall thickness of 2.5 mm.
- We make 12 smoke pipes 10 cm long.
- We make a flame tube 11 cm.
- We make partitions from a sheet of stainless steel. We make holes in them for smoke tubes - we attach them to the base by welding.
- Weld to the body safety valve and collector.
- Thermal insulation is carried out using asbestos.
- We equip the unit with control and adjustment devices.
Conclusion
As practice shows, the manufacture of boilers for heating systems of private houses is quite common. At correct execution of all heat engineering calculations, in the presence of a well-drawn drawing and wiring diagram of the main, such devices quite effectively cope with their task and save a significant amount of money, since such factory-made devices are quite expensive.
Manufacturing heating devices on their own is a scrupulous, complex and time-consuming task. In order to cope with it, you need to be able to use a welding machine and have the skills to use tools for machining materials. If you do not have such skills, such a case will be a good reason to learn - and you will be able to provide your home with warmth and comfort with your own hands.