Do-it-yourself installation of a stainless steel chimney. Stainless steel chimneys: installation features
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- A plumb line is used to mark at the exit point of the device from the ceiling. This is where the outlet pipe will be located. Having made a hole, the flammable elements of the ceiling are insulated with a heat-resistant insulation in the area of \u200b\u200bthe junction with the branch pipe. The branch pipe is mounted in the prepared opening. The ceiling covering is ready for installation.
- The components of the chimney are installed through the ceiling. The calculation should be carried out so that when passing through the ceiling, the pipe does not have joints. Seams are not allowed on this section. A gap should be made between the pipe and the pipe to remove heat. After installing the pipe, mount the nozzle protection.
- Check the chimney shaft for verticality.
The sequence of installation of the chimney structure (double-circuit)
Installation is carried out in the upward direction. The inner pipe is put on the previous one, this will prevent the insulation from getting wet.
Important: condensate should not be allowed to pass near the pipe in order to exclude its contact with the insulation.
The working temperature of the sealant is over 1000º C. The joints are fastened with clamps. The sections horizontally withstand about 1 m. A removable glass is placed at the base of the structure and a hole is made for the revision of the structure.
Important: Keep a close eye on the joints and make sure that the tees and bends are secured with tight-fitting clamps.
Brackets are installed for every 2 m of pipe. A support bracket is placed on the tee. Fasteners are provided at least 1 time per 5 m section, support platforms and consoles help a lot in this. There are no deflections in pipe laying.
The location of the chimney channels is not carried out near flammable walls. In unheated places where the pipe passes, it is treated with thermal insulation in order to prevent the appearance of condensate from inside the channel.
Elevations of chimneys on a flat roof range from 0.5 m. If the pipe is located above one and a half meters and up to 3 meters not lower than the roof ridge. When the pipe is more than 3 meters from the ridge, a line is drawn at an inclination of 10º down to the horizon. The product must not be below this line.
The chimney is located 0.5 meters higher from the high line of the heated room and attached to the building. With the combustibility of materials on the roof, they are lifted up - above the ridge by a meter and a half in height. The elevation of the structure is determined taking into account nearby buildings.
The rule of laying a chimney structure through the roof
The passage through the roof is performed according to its inclination. Specify the place of exit of the product. Find out the required angle of inclination. Carry out the marking of the desired size, corresponding to the diameter of the passage, while providing some margin. The cut is made from inside the room.
Carry out the passage of the roof. In this case, the pipe is placed, maintaining the gap between the section of the roof. Take the product outside.
Important: the passage through the roof of the pipe must be carried out by the whole product, joints are prohibited here. In the place of passage, a roof sheet is attached from the inside for protection. Outside the passage, a previously selected passage is installed. The ends of the "passage" are filled under the ridge or under the roof.
The pipe is first fastened to an adjustable apron, which will be a seal between the chimney and the roof cut. The design is made to the desired length and a visor is mounted to protect against precipitation.
One of the most successful options for organizing smoke removal is stainless steel chimneys. In most cases, the pipe runs in the wall itself or installation is made to the outside of the building. A stainless steel pipe is placed in the channel itself.
Now there are plenty of opportunities to buy stainless steel chimneys for gas boilers, and a corrugated stainless steel chimney. A large selection of elements with different configurations and sizes is offered, from which you can assemble and install a chimney with your own hands.
Stainless steel pipes pass all the requirements that are imposed on the installation of chimneys by the authorities that control these works (see Stainless Steel Sandwich Chimneys).
Requirements for stainless steel chimneys for gas boilers:
- round section and smooth surface contribute to good traction;
- the threshold of condensate formation is overcome rather quickly;
- high tightness;
- unpretentious in maintenance, work can be done by hand;
- fireproof when properly installed and used.
Attention: In order not to make mistakes when installing a chimney with your own hands, you need to study the installation rules. Remember - the safety and quality of heating, and most importantly, the safety and health of your loved ones, will depend on the correct installation of the system itself.
Required Rules
To sleep peacefully, without a sense of anxiety, do-it-yourself installation of a chimney must be carried out in compliance with the rules and norms of the law.
All requirements for the installation of stainless steel chimneys for gas boilers are set out in such documents:
- VDPO "Rules for the production of work, repair of furnaces and smoke channels";
- GOST 9817–95 “Household appliances operating on various types fuel. General technical conditions”;
- NPB 252-98 “Heat-generating devices operating on various types of fuel. fire safety requirements. Test Methods".
They say the following:
- Select the desired section of the chimney, the dimensions are indicated in the instructions for the heating installation.
- The chimney is made no lower 5 meters.
- Horizontal sections are mounted no more than 1 meter.
- Be sure to consider the possibility of cleaning and ease of maintenance of the entire chimney channel. Provide for condensate drainage.
- Each stove, fireplace, or other appliance needs a separate chimney, and stainless steel chimneys are no exception.
- The chimney pipe must have dimensions corresponding to the diameter of the chimney pipe heater.
- The wall thickness of all pipes in the chimney must be at least 0.5 mm.
- The smoke channel should not have more than three turns in its structure.
- An important point is a reliable sealing of joints, for this a heat-resistant sealant is used
Chimney installation
Do-it-yourself stainless steel chimney is easy to install. But when installing, you need to follow some rules. Choose the right equipment, the necessary and high-quality materials, be patient. In addition to the elements for assembly, you need to purchase a heat-resistant sealant, since sealing the joints is an important stage in the installation work.
Chimney connection
The order of installation of the chimney (two-circuit)
Installation work when assembling the chimney with your own hands is carried out as follows:
- Installation of the heating unit starts from the bottom up. When assembling, the inner pipe is put on the previous one, this will prevent the insulation from getting wet.
Attention: Do not allow condensate to pass by the pipe, it must not fall on the insulation.
- Sealant must be applied to all joints. Wherein working temperature composition, which is used for sealing, should not be lower than indicated in the instructions for the sealant.
- The joints are fixed with clamps.
- Horizontal sections should not exceed 1m.
- Install a glass (removable part) at the base of the chimney and make a hole for revision of the structure when required.
Attention: carefully watch the joints. Check how secure the seal is. All tees and bends must be secured with clamps (not just fastened, there must be a snug fit).
According to the figure, the elevations of the chimneys should be:
How to run a chimney through the roof
The passage through the roof is selected according to its slope.
Do-it-yourself work is carried out as follows:
Important: The pipe must pass through the roof as a whole, joints must be excluded.
In fact, installing stainless steel chimneys with your own hands is not such a difficult task. All it takes is attention and patience. It is important to plan correctly, buy all the missing elements and place them in the right order.
Parts that allow you to assemble stainless steel chimneys are sold by many companies. It is possible to purchase products for the bath, home, fireplace.
Remember
When using chimneys, it is prohibited:
- On the details of any chimney do not dry and just put flammable things;
- Can't use chlorine and its compounds;
- Use household chemicals, construction debris and medicines as fuel.
Thus, high-quality stainless steel chimneys will serve you for a long time and flawlessly.
Installation of any heating device, fireplace or stove requires chimney equipment. Its main purpose is to remove the smoke formed as a result of the combustion of fuel from the installation to the outside.
The choice of material for arranging the chimney is determined by the use of fuel: solid, liquid or gaseous.
Manufacturers of fireplaces and stoves indicate in performance characteristics what kind of chimney is needed, its diameter and material of manufacture. The most widely used universal stainless steel pipes.
The main advantages of stainless pipes
The primary task of any chimney is the prompt ejection of accumulated products of fuel combustion. This process will be faster in a pipe with a smooth surface and a round diameter. These two characteristics provide high aerodynamics, which creates effective thrust and gases quickly rise to the top. Best of all, metal products cope with this task.
Why is stainless steel used?
The answer is obvious, since during operation there will be constant contact with moisture, aggressive gas components and other factors that can lead to metal corrosion. The chimney is installed with the expectation of long-term operation and preference should be given to a strong and durable material that is resistant to the negative effects of various acids and condensate - stainless steel.
AISI chimneys
Steel products are light, easy to install, and low maintenance. During the combustion process, not only gases are released, but also microparticles - ash, which settles on the walls of the stainless steel chimney, clogging it. Smooth stainless pipe does not contribute to the accumulation of soot, which greatly simplifies the maintenance of the chimney.
Stainless steel chimneys can have various configurations, so they are suitable for any type of heating device. They are lightweight and do not require a foundation, as, for example, for a brick chimney.
Well, an important advantage of a stainless steel chimney is its cost and the possibility of self-assembly, without the involvement of specialists.
Kinds stainless pipes for chimneys
Most often, the following types of pipes are used for the equipment of smoke ducts:
- single-wall smooth;
- double-walled smooth;
- corrugated.
The cheapest option would be a corrugated pipe, but before purchasing it, you need to be aware of its disadvantages and installation features. The corrugation is a spring made of metal wire, on which sheet steel is applied. Maximum wall thickness 0.1 mm. This, on the one hand, gives certain advantages in the form of flexibility, lightness and the ability to compress and stretch.
But on the other hand, it imposes restrictions on the application - it cannot be used for fireplaces and stoves with high efficiency and heat transfer, since high temperature can deform the product, in addition, conditions will be created for the accumulation of condensate, which will also negatively affect the metal. As a result, such a product will last for a very short time, there will be a need for replacement and will entail additional costs.
This type of pipes is not recommended to be used as an independent vertical channel for stainless chimneys, since the corrugation has a high aerodynamic resistance. If the chimney is made only from a product of this type, then the traction force will be small, and this will lead to poor chimney removal, smoke in the room and an increase in the risk of fire.
Justified use of corrugations is installation in the old brick chimney, but at the same time it must first be wrapped with heat-insulating material - to reduce the level of condensate moisture.
The main purpose of a corrugated stainless pipe is to equip difficult areas, as well as to connect fireplaces and stoves to a chimney shaft.
Single-walled smooth chimney products
The traditional round or oval pipe made from thin sheet steel is the most common option for equipment stainless chimney. The advantages of this type of pipe are enough to be used for the installation of a chimney channel:
The disadvantage of single-wall pipes is that they can only be used indoors or outdoors, after insulating the chimney channel. Since, due to a large temperature difference, condensate will occur, which leaves black marks on the pipe and leads to a decrease in the performance of the heating device and its durability.
When choosing such a pipe profile, you should pay attention to the steel from which it is made:
- grade AISI 304 is characterized by resistance to acidic environments and can withstand heating up to 250o, and in a low acid environment up to 600o. The use of steel pipes of this grade is possible for low-temperature boilers;
- brand AISI 310 is characterized by increased heat resistance, does not deform when heated to 1000 °, can be used for fireplaces and stoves that burn solid fuel;
- AISI 316 grade is the most common metal for the manufacture of chimneys from stainless pipes because it has high resistance to acidic environments and high temperatures.
Double-walled smooth pipes
Sandwich pipes are considered universal and reliable for chimney equipment. They can be used both inside the building and outside.
The product has a three-layer design:
- inner layer of thin stainless steel;
- thermal insulation layer;
- outer layer of stainless or galvanized steel.
It is thanks to the interlayer that the absence of condensate and the accumulation of a layer of soot is ensured. Such products are the most fireproof, they are easy to install, they are resistant to aggressive acidic environments and temperature extremes.
But with significant advantages, sandwich constructions also have disadvantages:
depressurization is possible due to the constant narrowing and expansion of the walls under the influence different temperatures, to which the basalt filler reacts;
high cost compared to corrugated and single-wall options;
low operational period - up to 15 years.
Chimney installation features
When self-assembling the design of stainless chimneys, it is necessary to adhere to some rules that will ensure safe operation:
Chimney bend - elbow
- the minimum height of the chimney is 5 meters;
- it is impossible to equip horizontal sections more than one meter in length;
- in open areas and in unheated rooms, thermal insulation for pipes should be used;
- if the roof is covered with combustible materials, then it is necessary to install a spark arrester on the open part of the chimney;
- the passage of the chimney through the wall, roof and floors should not be with joints;
- the diameter of the pipe should not be less than the branch pipe of the heating installation, in no place, especially when turning and mating;
- you can not perform more than three turns;
- installation of a vertical section of a stainless chimney must be carried out according to the principle of "from condensate", that is, when each subsequent section is mounted in the socket of the previous one;
- the installation of the horizontal section should be carried out according to the “smoke” principle, that is, each subsequent section should be wider and put on the socket of the previous one.
If you follow these simple rules, then stainless steel chimneys will last a long time and will perfectly cope with the functions assigned to them.
Video: Chimney diagrams
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The process of sealing the stainless steel chimney system, which is carried out to ensure the greatest tightness and protection from moisture, is carried out by treating the joints with a composition that can withstand temperatures of 100 ° C or more, this should be taken into account when choosing a sealant.
The working grooves of the links must be reinforced with special clamps, which, as a rule, are included in the package. Every 1.5-2 m steel pipe needs to be attached to load-bearing structures using brackets. Separate brackets must be used for tees and bends.
Particular attention should be paid to the horizontal components of the system, which indicates the need to completely exclude their contact with electrical wiring and gas pipelines.
In order to make it convenient to clean the system, a removable part or a door should be mounted in its lower part.
When installing and assembling the chimney system, ensure the height chimney above the roof surface within 50 cm or more, as for a flat roof. If a
the pipe is supposed to be located at a distance within 150 cm from the ridge or parapet, then the height should remain the same.
The pipe joint should be located in the ceiling with a groove equipped in it using non-combustible material, the height above the floor or ceiling should be greater than or equal to 70 mm. The groove from an uninsulated element to combustible structures should be 1 m, a heat-insulated chimney with a layer of insulation of 50 mm should be 200 mm away from them.
The step from the insulated chimney to the combustible components of the roof must be at least 13 cm. The chimney system must be free of horizontal sections whose length exceeds 1 m.
If the chimney has single-wall sections located in unheated rooms, then they will have to be insulated. The total height of the system must be equal to or greater than 5 m to ensure normal traction.
When assembling the system, the top of the chimney should be provided with an umbrella, this will prevent the ingress of precipitation into the interior of the chimney.
Experts do not advise craftsmen to start installation and installation of the system if they do not have sufficient experience in carrying out this kind of work, since unprofessional installation can cause a fire, so it is preferable to entrust such a responsible job to qualified installers.
Types of pipes
The apparent simplicity of the construction of chimney devices is deceptive. After all, a chimney is not just a pipe that removes the products of combustion of fuel. This is a complex device, the correct construction of which determines the efficiency of the heating heat generators and the safety of being indoors. Therefore, the question of the correct manufacture of a stainless steel chimney with your own hands is one of the most relevant.
All processes related to this case must be carried out professionally. And if you have come across the heating system and the installation of boilers firsthand, then you have the cards in hand. In addition, it is necessary to accurately design the chimney. Why is it so important?
There are several positions that significantly affect the efficiency of work. heating system generally. And the chimney in this regard is not the last place. It is very important to properly position it, taking into account the norms and rules of the installation process. To do this, you need to know the location of the heating boiler and the specifics of the building, namely, its design features. After that, the calculation is carried out.
Chimney calculation
The most acceptable form of a chimney is a cylinder. And since we are dealing with the steel version, this form is optimal. The fact is that warm air ceilings rise in a spiral upward relative to the axis of the pipe. The streamlined shape of the section facilitates the movement of combustion products outside the premises.
Chimney location options
But not always round pipe- it's efficient. For example, more modern heating boilers reach the consumer with square chimneys. And there is a significant difference between them. In the case of calculating the diameter of the pipe, you can simply read the manufacturer's recommendations, which are in the instructions for the boiler. If there are none, then for a chimney with a circular cross section there is a ratio of 1:10 in relation to the diameter of the firebox. A chimney with a square section has a ratio of 1:1.5. Here is such a difference.
Is it possible to increase traction due to a larger diameter? It is possible, but you should not do this, because in a large-diameter pipe, the combustion products of fuel cool quickly. And this leads to the fact that condensation forms on the walls. What consequences await you in the future, you yourself can guess.
As for the design, there are no standard solutions in this matter. You will have to take into account a large number of different parameters of the building. The only thing that is necessary is to accept as a law that the minimum distance from the roof to the top edge of the chimney must be at least half a meter.
Stainless steel chimney
Chimney components
Due to the fact that modern chimney systems made of sandwich panels are quite expensive, many home craftsmen try to make them with their own hands using stainless steel sheets. Why is stainless steel most often used in the chimney system of buildings? To answer this question, you need to understand the material itself.
Immediately make a reservation that the chimney is made only of stainless heat-resistant steel, in the production process of which additional elements are used:
- Nickel.
- Chromium.
- Molybdenum.
Their interaction with steel is called the alloying process. That is, the steel material becomes the owner of characteristics that allow it not to change its qualities under the influence of high temperatures. Depending on how much of each element is added during the alloying process, the steel will have different qualities. For example:
homemade product
- Nickel gives the metal strength and ductility.
- Chromium is responsible for corrosion resistance and hardness.
- Molybdenum increases the strength of the metal when it interacts with high temperatures.
Some masters, moving away from spending on the purchase of expensive material, tried to make a chimney with their own hands from food grade stainless steel. Its disadvantage is the high content of chromium. Under the influence of high temperatures, the steel began to quickly collapse. So this option is not suitable for us.
Of all the brands offered, AISI 316 L (310 S, 321 and 304) are most often used.
How to make a chimney
There are several options for making a chimney, which are often given on the Internet:
Parts layout
- A stainless steel sheet is rolled into a cylinder, which will require special tools in the form of rollers. Twisting is best done in several layers. Then, along the length of the seam, the pipe is fastened with rivets. Unfortunately, this option raises several questions.
- Typically, rivets are not made of heat-resistant steel, which indicates their short-term operation. Under the influence of high temperatures, they will begin to change their size and simply fall out of their nests.
- Such a chimney is made without a socket. This means that there is a high probability that the combustion products will pass through the junction of two segments. And the reliability of the design is questionable.
- This method can be used to roll a secondary chimney that is installed as an outer pipe.
- Use clamps for fastening. This is a good option, but it also has a big drawback. This is again the gap between the layers. Some craftsmen recommend treating it with a heat-resistant sealant. But practice shows that such material is not so durable, so problems remain.
- The best option is to weld the joint. True, for this you will need welding electrodes for stainless steel. And if you are a great specialist in this matter, then there is no problem. By the way, argon welding is also appropriate here.
Calculation scheme
We turn to the very design of the chimney, the installation of which you decided to do it yourself. It consists of two pipes, between which a heat-insulating material is laid - basalt wool. The inner pipe is steel chimney stainless steel, and the outer one is a metal chimney made of a material that can withstand negative impact natural conditions.
Pipe exit through the attic
In order for the chimney to work efficiently, maintaining the necessary traction, you need to pay attention to several points of installation. It:
- Verticality of the structure with a minimum number of bends and horizontal sections.
- Full correspondence of diameter and height.
- Reliable fastening to load-bearing structures.
- Bonding density of rolled sheets if you are assembling a sandwich chimney. This is necessary in order to prevent the penetration of fuel combustion products between their parts.
In any case, the installation of chimneys is not an easy process. Therefore, having decided to make and install them with your own hands, you should compare the pros and cons. If there are more minuses, then it is recommended to purchase a ready-made chimney and only then think about how to install it.