Innovative forms of work on healthy lifestyle. Forms, methods and means of "healthy lifestyle
The advancement of the health problem among the priority tasks of social and social development determines the relevance of its theoretical and practical development, the need to deploy relevant scientific research and develop methodological and organizational approaches to maintaining health, its formation and development.
AT recent times Reasonable concern is caused by the state of health of schoolchildren as the largest contingent of children and adolescents. According to the Research Institute of Hygiene and Prevention of Diseases in Children, Adolescents and Youth, about 90% of school-age children have deviations in physical and mental health. The proportion of acute morbidity remains high, there is a tendency to an increase in the incidence of such nosological forms as obesity, myopia, flat feet, neuropsychiatric disorders and allergic diseases.
The number of children suffering from alcoholism, drug addiction, substance abuse, and mental disorders has sharply increased. The number of murders and suicides committed by schoolchildren has increased.
An increase in the prevalence of smoking, alcohol and drug use among schoolchildren indicates a low level of hygiene knowledge, as well as the ineffectiveness of existing forms and methods of hygienic education of children and adolescents, not only in organized groups, but also in the family. It was found that in prosperous families, neuropsychiatric disorders in children are 3 times less common than in disadvantaged families (26.8% versus 82.3%), severe diseases of the digestive system - 2.5 times (14.9% versus 39 .9%), ENT organs - by 1.5 times, the number of frequently ill children differs by 6 times.
The number of children classified as people with disabilities continues to grow.
In our lyceum in 2002-2003 academic year- 36 people were exempted from physical education lessons.
105 people were assigned to a special medical group for health reasons.
137 people belong to the preparatory group.
In this regard, one of the priorities of the new stage of the reform of the education system is the preservation and strengthening of the health of students, the formation of their values of health and a healthy lifestyle.
Therefore, we are looking for new forms of organizing work with children.
Movements used in any form, as long as they correspond to the physiological capabilities of the body, will always be healing and healing factors.
The most precious gift that a person receives from nature is health. No wonder people say: “Healthy everything is great!” This simple and wise truth should always be remembered, and not only at those moments when failures begin in the body and we are forced to turn to doctors, sometimes demanding the impossible from them. Man is the creator of his own health!
In the 2002-2003 academic year, for the first time in the lyceum, a physical culture marathon was held among 6, 8, and 10 grades as part of the intellectual marathon “I am a healthy person”. This is a new form, it was very interesting for both students and teachers. Children prepared for this event during January-April. The competition consisted of 4 stages: I know, I can, I understand, I do. The results of the contests were summed up and the winner was determined.
Below is the marathon program.
The marathon made it possible to increase students' interest in a healthy lifestyle. The marathon has become an annual event. which is of great interest to students. They began to prepare more for the marathon, paying attention not only to physical education lessons, but also to additional classes in the subject. Their interests also expanded in theoretical knowledge.
The results of the marathon were:
- increasing interest in the subject "physical culture";
- an increase by 11.5% of those involved in sports sections;
- successful performance of lyceum students at the subject Olympiad in “physical culture in the district, city and region.
1.3 Forms and methods of forming knowledge about a healthy lifestyle among younger students
Chapter 2
2.2 Program for the 3rd year of study "We want to be healthy"
INTRODUCTION
The problem of educating a healthy generation is now becoming increasingly important. Many factors influence the deterioration of health, including the wrong attitude of the population towards their health and the health of their children.
The results of scientific research (V.F. Bazarny, Brekhman I.I., L.G. Tatarnikova and others) indicate that the trend of deterioration in the health of schoolchildren that has developed in previous years has taken on a sustainable character. As a result of the analysis of the medical records of future first-graders, it was found that most of the children had a visual impairment, in the second place - a violation of posture, in the third place - the presence of chronic diseases and very few children were recognized as practically healthy. This situation is due to the deterioration of the socio-economic and economic situation, the aggravation of the problems of rational nutrition, heredity, and overload of children. Research results have shown that children spend a lot of time at the computer, near the TV, lead a sedentary lifestyle.
The deterioration in the health of school-age children in Russia has become not only a medical, but also a serious pedagogical problem. The swiftness with which the crisis phenomena in this sphere of life are growing is striking. One of the reasons for this is the way of life of families where children are brought up today. In most families, so-called risk factors can be found: chronic infectious diseases, unbalanced nutrition, low physical activity, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, etc. In this case, often there is not one, but a combination of several factors in the family.
Students and their parents have not formed a value attitude towards their health, which is explained by insufficient promotion of pedagogical and medical knowledge about a healthy lifestyle.
The formation of a healthy personality of a child has always interested scientists (see the works of I.I. Brekhman, L.S. Vygotsky, G.K. Zaitsev, P.F. Lesgaft, N.I. Pirogov, V.A. Sukhomlinsky [ 31 ] , L. G. Tatarnikova [32, 33], K. D. Ushinsky, etc.). Development school programs healthy lifestyle education began in the late 70's - early 80's of the twentieth century. However, despite the considerable efforts invested in the development and implementation of programs, the results were much lower than expected. This was explained both by the difficulty of changing behavioral habits (many of them are formed in early childhood and are therefore very stable), and by the unpreparedness of teachers for health education activities.
Since the mid-1990s, many scientific works educational and recreational direction, exploring: the organization of the educational process and readiness to study at school, the hygiene of teaching and educating schoolchildren, risk factors for the health of children and adolescents when studying at school, school valeological work.
An analysis of the psychological and pedagogical literature allowed us to suggest that one of the possible solutions to the problem of the deterioration in the health of younger schoolchildren is the formation of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle.
Purpose of the study: to identify effective forms and methods of forming knowledge about a healthy lifestyle among younger students.
Object of study: knowledge about a healthy lifestyle.
Subject of study: forms and methods of formation of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle.
Research hypothesis:
It seems that the formation of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle will be successful when using methods and techniques that are appropriate for the age development of younger students, namely games, quizzes, competitions, holidays, health lessons, sports competitions.
Research objectives:
1. To study the psychological and pedagogical literature on the research topic.
2. Describe the main concepts of the study: "health", "healthy lifestyle".
3. Reveal the age characteristics of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle of younger students.
4. Develop criteria for the formation of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle.
5. To identify and experimentally test the effectiveness of forms and methods of forming knowledge about a healthy lifestyle among younger students.
Research methods: observation, questioning, testing, pedagogical experiment.
CHAPTER 1
1.1 The essence of the concepts of "health", "healthy lifestyle"
Improving the health status of the new generation is the most important task of our time, in the complex solution of which it is impossible to do without secondary school. Teachers together with parents medical workers, psychologists and the public, it is necessary to organize school activities so that students improve their health and graduate from school healthy. At the same time, the school is obliged to form in the child the need to be healthy, to lead a healthy lifestyle. To do this, teachers need to have a clear understanding of the essence of the concepts of "health" and "healthy lifestyle", which are widely used in the system of concepts modern education.
There is no unambiguous and comprehensive definition of the concept of health. Based biomedical signs of N.M. Amosov points out: “Health is the natural state of the body, characterized by its balance with the environment and the absence of any painful phenomena.”
Taking into account the same signs, G.I. Tsaregorodtsev believes that "health is a harmonious course of various metabolic processes between the body and the environment, the result of which is a coordinated metabolism within the body itself." In this context, health is presented as a natural harmonious state of the body with the normal course of metabolic processes in it, excluding any painful phenomena.
FROM evolutionary and ecological positions D.D. Venediktov reveals the meaning of the concept of health as a dynamic balance of the body with the surrounding natural and social environments, in which all the abilities inherent in the biological and social essence of a person are most fully manifested and all vital subsystems of the human body function with the maximum possible intensity, and the overall combination of these functions is maintained. at the optimal level from the point of view of the integrity of the organism and the need for its rapid and adequate adaptation to the continuously changing natural and social environment.
FROM sociological point of view, health is a measure of social activity and the activity attitude of the human individual to the world. Developing this idea, I.I. Brekhman believes that such an attitude should first be manifested in a quality improvement system. environment, maintaining one's own health and the health of others.
AT psychology are of the opinion that health is not the absence of a disease, but rather its reflection, in the sense of overcoming: health is not only a state of the body, but also a strategy for human life.
V.P. Kaznacheev expresses the meaning of the concept of human health from the position integrated approach. He believes that health is "a dynamic state (process) of the preservation and development of biological, physiological and mental functions, optimal working capacity and social activity with a maximum life expectancy" .
Thus, in the literature, the essence of the concept of "health" is presented in different ways, depending on the criteria that determine the basis for its expression. In a generalized form, this concept can be characterized as a capacious system that contains a set of criteria that are correlated with the requirements of the general culture of mankind.
In our opinion, health- this is a state in which the full implementation of the biological, mental, social, economic, spiritual functions of a person and society, as well as optimal working capacity and activity with a maximum life expectancy, which are determined by the level of development of universal, state, regional and national values of culture.
concept "health" inseparable from the concept "Lifestyle", which is defined as a sustainable way of life that has developed in certain socio-economic conditions, manifested in their work, leisure, satisfaction of material and spiritual needs, norms of communication and behavior.
Lifestyle predetermines the mechanisms of adaptation of the human body to environmental conditions, the harmonious interaction of all organs and organ systems, which contributes to the full fulfillment of social functions and the achievement of a long life. The way of life is also the fruit of man's cultural creativity and the result of his free choice.
Introduction
1.3 Healthy lifestyle education methods
Conclusion
Application
Introduction
AT modern world The decisive factor in economic, political and social development is the preservation of people's health, and, above all, the health of the younger generation. In the Republic of Belarus, education of a healthy lifestyle is the most important integral part ideological and educational work with youth. This is primarily relevant for a professional school that trains future specialists.
Not a single educational problem can be solved without studying its social aspects. The lack of clear target life attitudes at this age stage of personality development, the lack of formation of its social attitudes, the ability to adapt in any circumstances, negatively affects the health of students. Over the past three years, the indicator of psychological unpreparedness of students in institutions vocational education to an independent choice in favor of a healthy lifestyle does not fall below 47%, and, as a result, the moral degradation of a part of the youth environment. In this regard, the development of the moral sphere of the individual should be considered as the main goal and result of education.
The state of psychological and physical health of students, their motivation for a healthy lifestyle is influenced by the ability of the teaching staff to create a positive emotional background for communication. Not all teachers are ready to seriously understand the problems of students: listening, listening; do not climb into the soul, if not allowed; be able to organize a discussion of any topic without exception relating to health problems, and at the same time give an analysis of its development, reveal its relevance and timeliness.
The practice of institutions of secondary special education indicates that training sessions do not have the proper educational effect in the process of forming students' knowledge and skills of a healthy lifestyle, do not fully solve the problem of developing creative cognitive activity in this direction, conducting a constructive dialogue that allows creating a situation of success. An important component of the process of forming a healthy lifestyle is the development of the ecological culture of boys and girls. The ecological culture of a person implies that a person has a certain active position, knowledge and beliefs, readiness for actions to protect the environment, subordination of his activity to the requirements of rational nature management, care for the environment, the ability to maintain favorable natural conditions and make concrete efforts in this direction.
1. Formation of responsible behavior and a healthy lifestyle
1.1 The concept of a healthy lifestyle (HLS)
Health is one of the highest human values. Primordial health presupposes the perfection of self-regulation and the harmony of internal processes. Health determines the full participation of a person in all spheres of social activity.
That is why today there remains an urgent problem of forming a healthy lifestyle - this is the education of adolescents in a conscious and careful attitude to health as a necessary element of a common culture; the formation of students' understanding of the essence of a healthy lifestyle, a more conscious attitude of students to their health; meaningful behavior towards the environment.
So what is a "healthy lifestyle"?
A healthy lifestyle is an activity, the activity of people that contributes to the preservation and improvement of health. This is the unity and consistency of all levels of human life - biological, psychological, professional, socio-cultural and spiritual and moral.
The main factors affecting physical health include: the system of nutrition, respiration, physical activity, hardening, hygiene procedures. Mental health is primarily affected by the system of a person's relationship to himself, other people, life in general; his life goals and values, personal characteristics. The social health of an individual depends on the conformity of personal and professional self-determination, satisfaction with family and social status, the flexibility of life strategies and their compliance with the sociocultural situation (economic, social and psychological conditions). And, finally, spiritual health, which is the purpose of life, is influenced by high morality, meaningfulness and fullness of life, creative relationships and harmony with oneself and the world around, love and faith.
So, health is considered as an integrative characteristic of the personality, covering both its inner world, and all the originality of the relationship with the environment.
A healthy lifestyle involves the choice of such forms of activity that contribute to the preservation and strengthening of human health. The choice is determined by the level of human culture, mastered knowledge and attitudes.
A healthy lifestyle provides for a certain set of norms of behavior.
This is, first of all:
Regular, balanced, rational nutrition.
Compliance with the optimal motor mode, taking into account age, gender and physiological characteristics.
Refusal of self-destructive behavior: cessation of smoking, the use of psychoactive substances, alcohol abuse.
Compliance with the rules of personal and public hygiene.
Compliance with the rules of mental hygiene and psychoprophylaxis.
Increasing the level of medical knowledge, mastering the skills of self-help and self-control over the state of health.
Healthy Sexual Behavior.
Components of a healthy lifestyle.
Reforming the education system in our republic is also focused on the upbringing of universal values, the preservation and strengthening of children's health, and the harmonization of each child with himself and the world around him.
A holistic health assessment implies the unity of the body and personality, highlighting the relationship of the following defining components:
the spiritual component of health determines its personal level, which is built in accordance with the main goals and values of life, characterized by the moral orientation of the individual, his mentality in relation to himself, the nature of society;
the physical component is characterized by the level of physical development, the degree of self-regulation of organs and systems, the presence of reserve capabilities of the body;
the mental component is determined by the level of development of mental processes, the nature of the manifestation and the degree of regulation of the emotional-volitional sphere;
the intellectual component is the students' perception of information related to their health, the ability to use it, extracting knowledge from a wide variety of sources;
the emotional component of health is characterized by an understanding of one's feelings and the ability to express them, confident possession of a number of emotions in order to adequately relate to reality;
the social component is characterized by the degree of social adaptation of a person in society, the presence of prerequisites for comprehensive and long-term activity in society.
This allocation of health components allows, on the one hand, to more fully characterize the various aspects of human life, on the other hand, to show the multidimensionality of mutual influences of various manifestations of the functioning of the whole organism, which ultimately ensures the level of efficiency, creative activity and longevity.
In accordance with the code, the creation of conditions for the development of creative abilities of students, their inclusion in different kinds socially significant activities should be the most important goal of institutions. Particular attention should be paid to the development of the creative potential of the individual, the maximum approximation of the education of each student to his abilities and capabilities, the formation of career building skills and the effective promotion of young people in the labor market.
1.2 Problems of healthy lifestyle formation
The practice of institutions of secondary specialized education indicates that training sessions do not have the proper educational effect in the process of forming students' knowledge and skills of a healthy lifestyle, do not fully solve the problem of developing creative cognitive activity in this direction, maintaining a constructive dialogue that allows you to create situation of success. An important component of the process of forming a healthy lifestyle is the development of the ecological culture of boys and girls. The ecological culture of a person implies that a person has a certain active position, knowledge and beliefs, readiness for actions to protect the environment, subordination of his activity to the requirements of rational use of natural resources, care for the environment, the ability to maintain favorable natural conditions and apply specific work in this direction. However, the monitoring results show that only 7% of students in secondary specialized educational institutions understand the danger to the environment of human life, for example, smoking.
An acute problem among young people is social diseases: smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction, substance abuse, venereal diseases, AIDS.
According to the latest data, one in three vocational school students smokes. Moreover, smoking is becoming more and more popular among girls.
An analysis of the causes of smoking shows that the formation of this habit is most often observed among young men and women who have family members, peers or friends who smoke.
Drunkenness is an age-old evil, it has taken deep roots in our everyday life and has given rise to a whole system of wild drinking customs. Our young people lead a rather cheerful lifestyle, which is explained by the fact that about 65% visit discos, bars, cafes, etc. almost weekly. Visiting such establishments contributes to the use of alcohol, drugs and nicotine. Moreover, it was found that about 45% of young people buy cigarettes and beer every day, which naturally adversely affects their health. And only about 2-4% use these products less than twice a month.
The analysis shows that the formation of bad habits is influenced by negative stereotypes of the behavior of others: family members, peers or friends who abuse alcohol, smoke. Means also have a negative impact mass media. On the one hand, they act as a factor stimulating the formation of a healthy lifestyle among young people, and on the other hand, they provoke the development of bad habits, chemical dependence, and contribute to the development of psychological discomfort.
1.3 Healthy lifestyle education methods
Thus, the only way to solve the problem is to create a system for educating a healthy lifestyle of students in educational institutions with the active participation of the family and other social institutions. All measures aimed at preventing the use of alcohol, tobacco, drugs among young students and promoting a healthy lifestyle should not be single measures, but should be an integral part of long-term programs aimed at shaping safe and responsible behavior of the younger generation.
The constituent elements of preventive programs can be all kinds of activities: promotions, Internet conferences, information campaigns, theatrical performances, themed discos, competitions, sporting events; clubs, membership in which is prestigious among young people, for entry into which it is necessary to be free from various kinds of addictions; development and publication of booklets, magazines, other printed materials, video materials, social advertising aimed at preventing the use of PAS (psychoactive substances); organization of information and advisory work on the prevention of the use of psychoactive substances with the involvement of specially trained young people - participants in the "Equal educates equal" programs. It is necessary to ensure that the educational environment is incompatible with the use of psychoactive substances. Discos, hikes and other events held both for the purpose of prevention and for other educational purposes should exclude the possibility of drinking alcoholic beverages. An example of systematic work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students are: Lida College of Education educational institution "Grodno State University named after Yanka Kupala", Orsha Pedagogical College of the Educational Institution "Vitebsk State University named after P.M. Masherov", which systematizes the experience of the interaction of the teaching staff, students and parents in the formation of a healthy lifestyle.
The Pedagogical College named after F. Skorina of the educational institution "Polotsk State University" has created and implemented a system of work with students, based on health-saving technologies. In the educational institution "Borisov State Pedagogical College" a system of educational work on the formation of health as a basic human value has been created. The educational institution "Baranovichi State Medical School" is actively working, using modern technologies for environmental education. On the problem of creating conditions for the positive influence of society on the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students, the team of the Mogilev State Polytechnic College is actively searching. The system of physical education of students effectively operates in the Bobruisk State Motor Transport College.
Thus, the role of education is to develop in every young person an attitude towards health as the main human value. The future specialist needs to realize the importance of a healthy lifestyle, try to make it the basis of self-education.
The effectiveness of a health-saving educational environment in vocational education institutions is directly dependent on the quality of solving the following problems:
analysis (based on monitoring) of the effectiveness of the process of forming a healthy lifestyle from the point of view of the student's personality, stimulating them to self-education, developing their skills and abilities of self-analysis, adequate self-esteem, which determines self-confidence, the need for self-realization and continuous self-improvement; ensuring the formation of an educational system of an open nature, through close contacts with the family, other institutions of society in the direction of preventing bad habits among the youth;
physical improvement, conscious attitude to the preservation and development of one's health as necessary condition preparation for labor activity and protection of the Fatherland; introducing boys and girls to an active lifestyle as a prestigious one;
the development of various forms of participation of students in the preservation of the environment, nature, the formation of an understanding of nature as the fundamental principle of the formation and evolution of mankind, the awareness of the social conditionality of human relationships with the environment;
development of various types of creative activities aimed at maintaining the health and formation of a healthy lifestyle for students;
creations in each educational institution rational nutrition systems, the formation of knowledge and habits of food culture, ensuring a rational diet for students in a hostel;
creating a comfortable psychological atmosphere through the activities of socio-pedagogical and psychological services of educational institutions, preventing conflict situations, creating a benevolent and optimistic atmosphere through the introduction of interactive technologies in the activities of teachers, suppressing internal aggression, developing students' self-esteem, identifying and strengthening the positive in them, joining a variety of activities based on voluntariness and cooperation;
organizing the activities of student self-government bodies, public organizations for the development of collective ideals of the educational environment as a health-saving one, aimed at the desire of the individual to create himself and the environment;
stimulating the organization of project activities of students in the process of educating a healthy lifestyle, creating a situation of success in the process of mastering the technology of project activities by students; ensuring that the teacher implements the position of a consultant, assistant in the process of implementing by students their own project of a healthy lifestyle;
organizing the activities of methodological services for the awareness of the educational environment as a combination of all the conditions that make up and ensure the educational process as a health-saving one; in the content of training and retraining of teachers - educators, be guided by the principle of modeling, programming, forecasting the educational process as health-saving;
increasing the educational potential of the educational process as a health-saving one. This problem needs to be addressed in three main areas:
to develop the creative activity of students on the basis of the principles of cooperation, co-creation, dialogue, in combination of collective interests and individualization of the individual by creating a situation of success for each pupil;
And the problem of forming the information space of an educational institution as a means of educating a meaningful attitude of students to their health and physical education.
An important role in the formation of a healthy lifestyle is given to methods of involving students in various activities, discussion events, followed by understanding their attitude to the problems of education.
Diagnostic activity:
self-diagnosis;
mutual evaluation;
monitoring and evaluation of performance results;
express surveys and conversations with students, parents and teachers;
testing, questioning, sociological surveys;
designing physical, moral, spiritual self-development, etc.
Research activities:
search work on the problems of bad habits (reasons for the student to need alcohol, narcotic and toxic drugs), motivation for bad habits;
business, role-playing and story games on the formation of a healthy lifestyle and responsible behavior, etc.
Educational and educational and educational activities:
debate clubs "Am I eating right?", "My vital interests", "Is it really bad habits";
overview and thematic educational and information hours on the formation of a healthy lifestyle;
meetings with "volunteers" on the problem of drug addiction prevention, with specialists in the prevention of alcoholism, substance abuse, etc.
Value-oriented and value-search activity:
a method of constructing the consequences of a particular choice;
collective analysis of certain situations that the curator on the problems of safe and responsible behavior loses to students;
express analysis of conflict situations that arise when a student communicates with a team, etc.
2. Interactive methods for teaching students responsible behavior
Group discussion (in small or large groups). The group studies an interesting problem or topic with the aim of making best solution or developing new ideas and directions for the group. Gives students the opportunity to learn from each other and practice referring to each other when solving problems. Gives learners the opportunity to deepen their understanding of the topic and personalize their connection to it. Helps develop listening skills, self-confidence and empathy. Decide how to equip the discussion areas.
Determine the purpose of the discussion and state it clearly.
Ask meaningful, open-ended questions.
Follow the progress of the discussion.
Brain attack. Students actively come up with a wide variety of ideas about a particular topic or issue in a given, often short period of time. The number of ideas is the main objective of this exercise. Evaluation or discussion of ideas takes place later. Enables learners to come up with ideas very quickly and spontaneously. Helps students to use their imagination, move away from established forms of reaction. This is a good start for discussion as the class can come up with ideas creatively. It is important to evaluate the pros and cons of each idea, or to rank ideas according to certain criteria. Determine the leader and recorder.
State the question or problem and ask for ideas.
Students can come up with any ideas that come to mind.
Do not discuss ideas immediately after they are proposed.
Write down ideas where they will be visible to everyone.
After brainstorming, analyze all the ideas, make an addition, remove what you consider unnecessary, distribute by importance.
Small group. For small group work, the large class is divided into small groups of six or fewer, given the limited time available to complete an assignment, perform activities, or discuss a specific topic, problem, or question. It is useful if the groups are large and time is limited. Maximizes the contribution of each student. Enables learners to get to know each other better and increases the likelihood that they will consider other people's opinions. Helps learners to hear and gain knowledge from their peers. State the purpose of the discussion and the time allotted for it.
Form small groups
Arrange chairs so that group members can hear each other well.
Ask the group to choose a recorder.
At the end, ask the recorders to tell. How did the group discussion go?
Games and imitations. Students play games that can be used for learning context, critical thinking, problem solving, decision making, and analysis and reinforcement. The simulation games are designed in such a way as to give students the feeling of a real experience. Games and simulation exercises are fun, encourage active learning, and enrich classroom learning as participants work hard to validate or earn points. They require an integrated application of knowledge, attitudes and skills and allow learners to test their offerings and abilities in a relatively safe environment.
Remind students that this exercise should be fun for them, so it doesn't matter who wins.
Imitation:
This exercise is most effective when it is short and discussed immediately.
Students are asked to imagine themselves in a situation, or they must play an appropriately organized game, or perform an action in such a way that they have a feeling that they can have in another situation.
Situational analysis and specific situations. Situation analysis exercises allow learners to think, analyze and discuss situations they may encounter. Case studies are real life stories that describe in detail what happened in society, family, school or in the life of a particular person. Situational analysis allows learners to explore problems and dilemmas, as well as safely test solutions; it provides an opportunity to work together, share ideas, and also learn that people sometimes see things differently. Case studies are powerful catalysts for thinking and discussion. By participating in this thought process, learners can improve their own decision-making skills. Classroom activities can be linked to specific activities to help students make the right decision before they face health risks in real life. Leading questions are useful for stimulation.
The facilitator should be able to get key points from the students, step back and ask "broader" questions.
Situational analysis and specific situations require adequate time for development and creative thinking.
The teacher should act as a facilitator and as a mentor. And not as the only source of "answers" and knowledge.
Debate. In a debate, a particular issue or issue is presented to the class and the students are required to take a stand on how to resolve the issue or issue. The class can participate in the debate as a whole or in small groups.
Gives you the opportunity to consider a particular issue in detail and creatively.
Health issues are well suited for this purpose. Gives students the opportunity to defend a significant position for them. Let the students choose the position of their own choice. If too many students take the same position, ask volunteers to take the opposite point of view.
Give the learner enough time to study the topic.
Don't allow one student to dominate at the expense of others who want to speak up.
Ensure that students show respect for the opinions and thoughts of other participants in the debate.
Supervise the class and make sure that the debate does not go off topic.
Stories. The teacher or students tell or read the story to the group. The story can be illustrated with drawings, comics or slides. Students are asked to think about and discuss important (health-related) points or methods given in the story. Can help students think about local issues and develop critical thinking skills. Students can use their own skills to help build stories, or the group can work interactively as they tell stories. The story allows you to draw an analogy or comparison, helps people find healthy solutions. The story should be simple and clear, contain one or two main points.
It is essential that the story (and pictures, if included) relate to the students' lives.
The story should be dramatic enough to generate interest. Try to include examples of happiness, sadness, excitement, courage, serious thoughts, solutions, and ways to solve problems.
3. State policy on the formation of a healthy lifestyle
Adoption of the State Program of National Actions to Prevent and Overcome Drunkenness and Alcoholism for 2011-2015 (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated January 11, 2011 No. 27) and the State Program for the Prevention of HIV Infection for 2011-2015 (Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus 04.03.2011 No. 269) determined the strategy for organizing work on the formation of a healthy lifestyle, a value attitude towards oneself and everything around, responsibility for one's life. As part of the implementation of these programs, the activities of teaching staff should be aimed at:
prevention of bad habits;
large-scale advocacy work to bring the requirements of the legislation on the prevention of smoking, the use of alcoholic, low-alcohol drinks and beer in public places;
improvement of work to create conditions for a full and varied nutrition of students;
development of physical culture and sports, including improvement of the material and technical condition of the sports base;
creating conditions for organized recreation and health improvement of students, improving the activities of sports and recreational leisure centers, sections, clubs, circles, studios for the implementation of students' creative initiatives.
In accordance with Articles 41, 126 of the Code and the order of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus dated July 27, 2010 No. 516 "On the organization of work to prevent smoking in educational institutions of the Republic of Belarus", educational institutions and the territories adjacent to them are "smoking-free zones". In this regard, it is necessary:
make the necessary changes to the internal regulations, regulations, agreements, contracts and other legal documents regulating these issues;
when developing plans for ideological and educational work, include sections on the prevention of smoking, fostering a culture of safe life;
when monitoring the state of ideological and educational work, analyze the prevalence of tobacco smoking among young students, as well as the effectiveness of ongoing preventive work;
to ensure the implementation of a set of preventive and promotional activities within the framework of the annual republican action "Belarus against tobacco", held at the initiative of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus.
In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus dated May 27, 2011 No. 348 "On improving the system of ideological and educational work in educational institutions", it is necessary to develop and implement a set of measures to prevent and combat smoking, the use of alcoholic and low-alcohol drinks, beer, narcotic drugs, psychotropic , toxic and other intoxicating substances in educational institutions.
The joint work of educational institutions with polyclinics, hygiene, epidemiology and public health centers, narcological dispensaries, and internal affairs bodies should be aimed at developing healthy lifestyle skills and preventing all types of addictions. The solution of this problem involves a systematic approach to the educational process as a health-saving one.
In order to form a healthy lifestyle for young people in the new academic year, educational institutions will traditionally hold events aimed at popularizing mass physical culture and sports, strengthening and maintaining the health of boys and girls: the campaigns "Healthy I am a healthy country!", "Belarus against tobacco" , "No smoking!", youth marathon "Formula of the Future: Youth + Health" year-round sports days, unified health days. It is recommended to apply active forms work in cooperation with social institutions and the parent community, aimed at creating motivation for health-saving behavior, instilling skills of protection, assistance and mutual assistance in situations that pose a danger to physical and mental health (talk show "Your Choice", workshop "Health Components", intellectual brain-ring "Proper nutrition is a guarantee of health", a marathon "beware! Dangerous for health", etc.).
Conclusion
So, the formation of a healthy lifestyle is not carried out in parts, but is holistic. In the process of activity, students enter into a variety of relationships with teachers, parents, which can stimulate the formation of a healthy lifestyle in them. Capabilities learning activities limited and do not allow to develop habits safe behavior. The process of forming the valeological qualities of students should also be carried out outside of educational activities.
"... No educator has the right to act alone. Where educators are not united in a team and the team does not have a single tone, a single approach to the child, there can be no educational process." Makarenko.
This requires specific and varied work, closely related to its various areas and cannot be considered in isolation from them.
Today educational institutions are the structure that allows carrying out mass preventive measures to promote a healthy lifestyle.
However, the traditional forms and methods of education, of a "subject - object" nature, when the socio-pedagogical roles of the teacher and the student are differentiated, and monologue edifications and recommendations prevail in the pedagogical activity of the educator, are no longer effective. Moreover, the teacher's categorical verbal denial of some fact or phenomenon in many students causes the opposite effect of confrontation and opposition, an obsessive desire to "challenge" the educator and defiantly act contrary to the recommendations.
At the same time, the forms and methods of mediated education, when the pedagogical activity of the educator is hidden, and the students, imperceptibly to themselves, perform his role (the "disproportionation" effect) are more successful.
Practice shows that a person learns information faster if the training is interactive, when he has the opportunity, simultaneously with receiving information, to take part in the discussion of unclear points, ask questions, immediately consolidate the knowledge gained, form the skills of safe and responsible behavior. This allows you to involve participants in the learning process, make it more accessible, easier and more interesting. There are methods that can be combined to achieve this. These include: a lecture, reading, the use of audio-visual aids, visual aids, discussion, practical actions, acting as a student, role-playing, business and computer games, the programs of which are specially designed and contextually directed.
In this case, students themselves acquire knowledge and, on a reflective level, learn the negativity of deviant behavior. On the basis of the internal denial of the latter, there is a need for creative activity and a positive value-significant attitude towards nature, society, and one's health as a component of the nation's health.
Realizing some ideas and plans in educational work with students, we come to the conclusion that only goals that are real and achievable in the conditions of the development of the student team bring a specific positive result.
And if the principles of constructing the activities of a teacher do not logically proceed from a certain content of the activity and are not projected from the child himself, from his needs, then it is impossible to effectively solve the problems of students, including issues on the formation of a healthy lifestyle.
Therefore, the success of the entire educational process and the formation of a healthy lifestyle in particular depends on the close interaction of all its interested participants. And only joint creative work helps the personal formation and growth of both the teacher and his pupils, making them active members of society. Scientific and technological progress, the need for highly qualified personnel contribute to a deeper study of the natural sciences and technical sciences, development of creative abilities of students of vocational educational institutions. Since any lesson is limited in time and cannot contribute to a wider study of the subject, teachers use this educational work, as additional work on the subject .
List of used literature
1. Dorofeeva S.M. Problems of health and ecology: journal No. 3 / S.M. Dorofeeva. GSMU, 2007. - 32 p.
Zhuravsky A.Yu. Physical culture and health: journal No. 2 / A.Yu. Zhuravsky. Minsk, 2011. - 24 p.
Kachan G.A. Socio - pedagogical aspects of the formation of a healthy lifestyle of adolescents. Health: theory and practice / G.A. Kachan. Vitebsk, 2004. - 155 p.
Kuchma V.R. Children in the metropolis: some hygiene problems / V.R. Kuchma.M., NTsZD RAMS, 2002. - 280 p.
Lukasheva M.V. Bulletin of a healthy lifestyle: magazine No. 13 / M.V. Lukasheva.M., July 2007. - 32 p.
Magnitskaya L.D. Education of health culture in adolescents: Concept / L.D. Magnitskaya. Moscow: State Research Institute of Family and Education, 2006 - 50 p.
Marx K. On upbringing, education / K. Marx, F. Engels. M., 1957. - 185 p.
Shklyaruk V.Ya. Historical and philosophical ideas about human health and life expectancy / V.Ya. Shklyaruk. M., 2007. - 238 p.
Astashova, N.A. Teacher: the problem of choice and the formation of values / N.A. Astashova. M., Voronezh, 2000. - 272 p.
Application
Intellectual game
"In a healthy body healthy mind"
creative task. Health promotion poster competition (5-10 minutes).
intellectual game "A healthy mind in a healthy body".
Materials to help organize the game.
For the first part you need:
sheet format A 2;
brushes;
markers:
pencils (4 sets).
For the second part you need:
multi-colored cubes (size 25x25x25), for each team a cube of a certain color.
At the beginning of the game, students are divided into 4 teams. The principle of division can be any, for example, by blood type, by eye color, by zodiac constellation, etc.
The formed teams come up with names for themselves.
The host of the game explains that today's event is dedicated to the most pressing problem of our time - a healthy lifestyle, the main components of which are:
to give up smoking;
refusal of alcoholic beverages:
withdrawal from drugs;
the absence of all kinds of diseases;
physical education and sports;
rejection of profanity.
The teams are given the task in 5-10 minutes to draw a poster promoting a healthy lifestyle.
Basic requirements for the poster:
imagery;
memorability;
information content;
originality.
It is by these criteria that the best poster is determined, for which the winning team receives 10 game coins, the other teams - 5 game coins each.
These posters adorn the stage.
Intellectual game "A healthy mind in a healthy body" (25-30 minutes). The points scored in this game are added to the points earned by the teams in Part 1.
Musical accompaniment: quiet calm music that does not distract private traders during the discussion.
Rules of the game.
The game is played in 4 rounds. In each round, the rules and topics of the questions change. The task of the participants is to score the most points.
It is carried out individually with each team. The facilitator suggests throwing a die to the team, which will help determine the number of points for the correct answer to the proposed question. Each team is given the opportunity to roll the die once.
Questions for the first round "Quit smoking!"
American doctors at the beginning of the last century, of course, knew that it was harmful for pregnant women to gain a lot of weight, but now the weight loss remedy recommended by them seems wild.
The women were advised to move less, not eat sweets, and do things that can really help you lose weight in the beginning. What's this? (Smoking)
Halfan Maer, former director of the World Health Organization, believes that this is the most common preventable cause of disease. What's this? (Smoking)
After the First World War in the United States, it became fashionable. Doing this in an apartment or office was considered commonplace. But in 1957, doctors proved that it had a detrimental effect on the body. What is the object of universal condemnation of Americans today and the reason why those who abuse it are not hired for some jobs? (Smoking)
One of the rules fire safety in Bulgarian it sounds: "Do not push into legloto!" Translate it into Russian. ("Don't smoke in bed")
A.P. Chekhov said: "Kissing a woman who smokes is the same as ..." Continue his statement, (... kissing an ashtray)
Doctors believe that this is the most accessible of all substances to which a person develops a drug addiction. What's this? (Nicotine)
It is carried out simultaneously with all teams. The host invites everyone to throw the dice on command. The team that threw out the most points answers the question, and the price of the question corresponds to the number thrown out. Other teams can participate in this round for 1 point. There are 5 questions in this round.
Questions for the second round "Drugs, alcohol - never!"
What would the ancient Greeks call a person suffering from the torpor drive? (drug addict, Greek narke - numbness, mania - attraction)
According to A.P. Chekhov, vodka, although white, but paints the nose. What does she blacken? (Reputation)
What is the disease that affects about a quarter of all young people in France, and more people die every year than from leukemia, tuberculosis and polio combined? (Alcoholism)
What, according to one Chinese folk wisdom, brings a hundred sorrows and one joy? (Alcoholic drinks)
"The spirit of faith and piety leaves him, but the spirit of abomination and depravity remains in him. God, angels and the faithful will curse him. For forty days his prayer will not be accepted. On the Day of Judgment, his face will be black, his tongue will hang from his mouth, saliva drip on his chest, a cry rises from thirst in his chest. What kind of punishment awaits a Muslim? (If taking alcohol)
It is carried out individually with each team. The facilitator invites each team to make a prediction for a future reset before dropping the die. In the case of a correct forecast, the price of the issue increases to 10 points. Each team in this round plays once.
Questions for the third round "We are not afraid of any diseases!"
Doctors believe that the most common contagious infectious disease in the world is the common cold. And what is considered the most common non-infectious in the world infectious disease? (Caries)
What disease, according to the Greeks, splits the mind and soul? (Schizophrenia, shiizo - split, phren - soul, mind)
According to American doctors, these creatures are the main carriers of influenza in the United States. It is they who are responsible for the fact that epidemics break out every autumn. Who are they? (Pupils)
According to the World Health Organization, one of the occupational diseases of teachers is poliosis. This disease is not fatal, but sooner or later affects every person, with the exception of some lucky ones who are not happy about it themselves. However, poliosis strikes teachers earlier than the average statistical period. Name the main symptom of this disease. (Grey hair, poliosis is graying, everyone goes gray except the bald ones)
It is carried out simultaneously with all teams. The host offers to throw the dice on command. Moreover, each team determines with its throw how many questions out of 6 it will take part in. Each correct answer in this round is worth 3 points.
Questions for the fourth round "If you want to be healthy, do it!"
The inventor of this predicted two areas of application for his offspring: mail delivery and a means for losing weight. Name the modern prototype of this object. (Bike)
P. Bragg says there are 9 doctors. Starting from the fourth, these are: natural nutrition, fasting, sports, rest, good posture and mind. Name the first three doctors mentioned by Bragg. (Sun, air and water)
What kind of sport is referred to in the witty English saying: "This is the exchange of knowledge through gestures"? (About boxing)
A very long time at the Olympics in Ancient Greece there was only one kind of athletics. Which? (Run)
The appearance of this sports game was helped by an ordinary unripe apple. From the East, this game came to Europe. In the century before last, it was brought by an English duke, whose estate was located not far from the city, from where this game takes its name. About what sports the game is on speech? (Badminton)
This word came to Russian at the end of the 18th century from the French language. This was originally called the urgent mail, which delivered letters, reports by special messengers who replaced each other along the way at certain points. Name this word, which today has received a different meaning. (Relay race)
Note.
All teams take part in all matters, only for different price. One team - the "main player" - for the points they were able to get as a result of the draw, the remaining 3 teams can get 1 point if they answer the question correctly. Therefore, when summing up, it is necessary to reward the team that gave the largest number of correct answers.
At the end of the game, points are counted. The team with the most points is also awarded.
Sections: Foreign languages
According to the definition of WHO experts, “Health is not only the absence of diseases and defects, but a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being”. “Children's health is the most important indicator of the well-being of society and the state, a certain forecast for the future,” but statistics show that the number of healthy children decreases by almost 4 times during schooling! Therefore, it depends on the teacher what impact the educational process has on the health of students. The teacher can more than a doctor to help the child maintain and improve health. Competent care for the health of students is not only the most important task of every teacher, but also an indicator of his professionalism. The relevance of the topic is due to concern about the health of the children of our school. Knowing the sad statistics for the school about the health of our students, we decided that in studying proccess it is necessary to actively introduce not only health-saving educational technologies, but also educational technologies aimed at educating children in a culture of nutrition, teaching students the principles and practice of a healthy lifestyle. Our main goal was to motivate students to lead a healthy lifestyle. The subject "foreign language" provides great opportunities for the formation of the concept of "healthy lifestyle" among students by means of language. We have joined forces to introduce our students to a healthy lifestyle. The basis for the joint work was the interest of both us, teachers and students in joint activities to study the problem of healthy eating. It was interesting for us to see how children of different ages interact during the implementation of projects. This form of work is also of great educational value. The experience of our work shows that the methods and forms of work used in the educational process are justified and give positive results.
For 3 years, work has been carried out on the implementation of a long-term project on the topic “Healthy lifestyle”. The project consisted of three stages. Studying according to the teaching materials “Happy English.ru” K. Kaufman and M. Kaufman, within the framework of social topics, children get acquainted with the topics “Food”, “Products”, “National Cuisines”, “Health and a healthy lifestyle”, “Diseases and their symptoms”, “Diet: benefit or harm?”. UMKK.I.Kaufman and M.Yu.Kaufman “Happy English.ru” is aimed at implementing the acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life.
1st stage of project implementation
"HEALTHY LIFESTYLE"
The start of the long-term project was laid at the final lessons in the section “Healthy lifestyle” in the 8th grade in the form of creating collage projects.
aim The 1st stage of the project implementation was the formation of skills to take care of one's health, the desire to give up bad habits.
Material for projects was collected by students throughout the study of the topic. When creating projects within the framework of the lessons, the students were divided into groups, chose one of the aspects of the topic, selected material for a collage, and then defended the project. The results of the work turned out to be so informative and convincing that a group of lecturers was organized, which made presentations of collages to students in grades 6-8. Eighth graders talked about how to eat right and what consequences can be if not proper nutrition. It should be noted that the children reacted to the information received from high school students with greater confidence than from the teacher. The bright and convincing clarity of the collages also had a great emotional impact.
2nd stage of project implementation
“HEALTH FOOD”
The research site was the school cafeteria. High school students filmed an educational video, which became the impetus for discussing the problem of healthy eating as part of an integrated lesson for two. The lesson was conducted by two teachers in two different age groups of students in grades 8 and 6.
The purpose of this stage is the formation of a culture of healthy eating. The motivation of the topic is the relevance and problematic nature of healthy eating as a component of a healthy lifestyle.
The lesson was held in the form of a game. Grade 8 students told sixth graders about healthy food, how to eat right. They developed and conducted a survey of sixth graders “Do you eat right?” At the lesson, mini-projects about favorite food were completed. Younger students preferred fast food. Eighth graders shared their knowledge about useful products and gave advice on how to eat right in order to be healthy. Both age groups prepared recommendatory mini-projects “Menu for the school canteen” taking into account the knowledge gained and successfully defended them.
The result of the lesson was a group collage of both groups.
Stage 3 of the project implementation
“HEALTHY FOOD - HEALTHY LIFESTYLE”
Target: provide students with the means to independent work within the framework of the above topics, to help its implementation, to give feedback and catalytic evaluation of their performance through city activities.
Result: participation in the 1st municipal conference of research and creative design work in a foreign language of a group of students in grades 8-9 with a poster presentation on the topic “Healthy Eating - Healthy Lifestyle”.
The participants of the project became the winners of the conference in the nomination “Poster report”. The students talked about the consequences of malnutrition, about tasty and healthy food, about the dangers of diets, gave advice on how to stay in good shape and be healthy.
The defense of the project was held in an interactive form. The students were given questionnaires to test their knowledge of proper nutrition. According to the results of the answers, the participants of the interactive survey received prizes: an apple or a package of nutritional advice.
Stage 4 of the project implementation
“HEALTHY LIFESTYLE: FROM HEALTHY NUTRITION TO STUDENTS' HEALTH”
To teach children to be healthy from childhood, to make healthy eating part of a healthy lifestyle, education, culture, everyday habit are the main tasks of school education. Schools should become a learning platform for promoting a healthy lifestyle. Proper nutrition remains one of the main components of a healthy lifestyle.
The aim of the work was to determine:
- interdependence between theoretical knowledge and practical application knowledge about proper nutrition;
- the interdependence between the frequency of diseases, physical education and sports, on the one hand, and the quality of students' knowledge, on the other hand.
The research method was a survey of students of junior, middle and high schools. ( Application).
SURVEY RESULTS
The results of the survey showed that almost 100% of students know about proper nutrition, but eat incorrectly.
The results of the survey on the sources of knowledge about proper nutrition indicate the huge role of the family in terms of cultivating the habit of a healthy lifestyle.
Very interesting results were obtained from studies on the relationship between the incidence of diseases, sports activities and the quality of education.
Researchers have not found a directly proportional relationship between the incidence of diseases and the quality of student education: by the 9th grade, out of 100% of students, 50% often fell ill, and the percentage of knowledge quality was 40%; out of 100% of students, 60% went in for sports (mainly girls), which is motivated by the desire to look and feel good, which means doing exercises, swimming, fitness, and other sports. Conclusions: despite the frequency of diseases, the quality of education does not decrease by grade 10 by virtue of playing sports in sports clubs and sections.
The result of this project was participation in the II Satellite Symposium of Schoolchildren within the framework of the 16th International School-Conference for Young Scientists "Biology - Science of the 21st Century", which was held in April 2012 in Pushchino.
The participants of the symposium became the winners in the nomination “Poster presentation”.
All materials and presentations were presented in English.
RESULTS OF THE LONG-TERM PROJECT
Children gave lectures and presentations to the school audience of both our school and other schools in the city, at parent meetings, were awarded diplomas for the best poster presentations at the city and international conferences in Pushchino. We shared our experience of working on children's health protection at the regional conference in Obolensk.
We managed to draw the attention of children and their parents to this problem. By the end of the project, its participants, their classmates, according to the results of the survey, began to eat better, in the school cafeteria they began to give preference to hot dishes, salads, juices. More children enrolled in various sections, began to visit the Sports Palace.
Healthy lifestyle is a way of life aimed at maintaining and improving the health of people. The hygienic regime of work and rest contributes to a healthy lifestyle, but such bad habits as smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs interfere.
A healthy lifestyle is the main factor of health
According to WHO experts, health by 50-55% depends on a person's lifestyle, 20-23% - on heredity, 20-25% - on the state of the environment (ecology) and 8-12% - on the work of the national system healthcare. So, to the greatest extent, human health depends on lifestyle, which means that we can assume that the general line for the formation and promotion of health is a healthy lifestyle (HLS).
According to modern ideas, healthy lifestyle- these are typical forms and methods of everyday human life, strengthening and improving the adaptive (adaptive) and reserve capabilities of the body, which ensures the successful implementation of social and professional functions.
At the heart of any way of life are principles, i.e. rules of conduct followed by the individual. There are biological and social principles on the basis of which a healthy lifestyle is formed. Biological principles: lifestyle should be age-related, provided with energy, strengthening, rhythmic, moderate. social principles: the way of life should be aesthetic, moral, strong-willed, self-limiting.
This classification is based on the principle of the unity of the individual and the general, the unity of the organism and the environment - biological and social. In this regard, a healthy lifestyle is nothing more than a rational organization of human life on the basis of key biological and social vital forms of behavior - behavioral factors. We list the main ones:
- the cultivation of positive emotions that contribute to mental well-being - the basis of all aspects of life and health;
- optimal motor activity (DA) is the leading innate mechanism of bioprogress and health;
- rational nutrition is the basic factor of bioprogress and health;
- a rhythmic way of life corresponding to biorhythms is the basic principle of the organism's vital activity;
- effective organization of labor activity is the main form of self-realization, formation and reflection of human essence;
- sexual culture is a key factor in life as an adequate and progressive form of reproduction of the species;
- healthy aging is a natural process of fruitful longevity;
- giving up addictions (alcoholism, drug addiction, smoking, etc.) is a decisive factor in maintaining health.
In practice, the implementation of these forms of behavior is extremely difficult. One of the main reasons for this should be recognized as the lack of motivation for a positive attitude towards one's health and healthy lifestyle. The fact is that in the hierarchy of needs that underlie the behavior of a person (for example, a student), health is far from being in the first place. This is due to the low individual and common culture Russian society, which leads to the absence of an orientation towards the primacy (dominance) of the value of health in the hierarchy of human needs. Therefore, the formation of health is, first of all, the problem of each person. It should begin with the education of health and healthy lifestyle motivation, because this motivation is a system-forming factor in behavior. In other words, there will be motivation (purposeful need) - there will be corresponding behavior.
Healthy lifestyle and ways of its formation
Healthy lifestyle (HLS) - a term that is being used more and more. The simplest definition of a healthy lifestyle is everything in a lifestyle that has a beneficial effect on health. Consequently, the concept of a healthy lifestyle includes all the positive aspects of people's activities: job satisfaction, active life position, social optimism, high physical activity, well-being, absence of bad habits, high medical activity, etc.
The formation of an attitude towards a healthy lifestyle is the most important task of the state, since lifestyle is a determining factor in health.
The formation of a healthy lifestyle is also the task of the health authorities, social protection, and education. WHO recommendations are aimed at the formation of a healthy lifestyle:
- diet low in animal fats;
- reducing the amount of salt consumed;
- reducing the consumption of alcoholic beverages;
- maintaining a normal body weight;
- regular physical exercises;
- reduction of stress levels, etc.
The formation of a healthy lifestyle is the basis of any preventive activity, numerous programs aimed at improving the health of society. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle is the most important function and task of all health authorities (especially primary health care institutions), health education centers, educational institutions, social protection authorities, etc.
The attitude towards a healthy lifestyle should be formed in the following areas: 1) strengthening and creating a positive lifestyle; 2) overcoming, reducing risk factors.
The study and formation of public opinion regarding the assessment of one's own health is one of the difficult tasks of forming an attitude towards a healthy lifestyle. Along with the health authorities, the media plays a big role in this. It is necessary to understand that the health of the population is ensured not only by the responsibility of the state and society, but also by the responsibility of each of us for our own health and the health of all.
A healthy lifestyle is based on scientifically based sanitary and hygienic standards aimed at improving health: rational nutrition; physical activity; hardening; lack of bad habits; the ability to get out of stressful conditions (for example, possession of auto-training techniques); high medical activity (timeliness of medical examinations, timeliness of seeking medical help in case of illness, active participation in medical examinations); the ability to provide first aid in case of sudden illnesses, injuries, etc.
Basics of a healthy lifestyle
Each person should have his own health system as a set of lifestyle circumstances that he implements.
The absence of one's own health system will sooner or later lead a person to illness and will not give him the opportunity to realize the inclinations inherent in him by nature.
A person is so perfect that not only to maintain the necessary level of health, but also to return to it from an illness, one can practically from any state; but with the progression of the disease and with age, this requires more and more effort. As a rule, a person resorts to these efforts if he has vital goal, motivation, which each person has their own.
The main features of the health program should be:
- voluntariness;
- the expenditure of certain physical and other forces;
- orientation to the constant improvement of their physical, mental and other capabilities.
Creating your own system of a healthy lifestyle is exclusively Long procces and can last a lifetime.
Feedback from the changes that occur in the body as a result of following a healthy lifestyle does not work immediately, the positive effect of switching to a rational lifestyle is sometimes delayed for years. That is why, unfortunately, quite often people only “try” the transition itself, but, having not received a quick result, they return to their previous way of life. This is not surprising, since a healthy lifestyle involves, on the one hand, the rejection of many pleasant living conditions that have become habitual (overeating, comfort, alcohol, etc.), and on the other hand, constant and regular heavy loads for a person who is not adapted to them. and strict lifestyle regulations. In the first period of the transition to a healthy lifestyle, it is especially important to support a person in his desire, provide him with the necessary consultations (since during this period he constantly experiences a lack of knowledge in various aspects of ensuring a healthy lifestyle), point out positive changes in his state of health, in functional indicators, etc.
It is clear that in order to develop “his own” system, a person will try various means and systems, analyze their acceptability for him and their effectiveness, and select the best.
In the implementation of a healthy lifestyle program, in organizing the transition to it, depending on individual characteristics, a person can choose various options.
For those who like to follow a clear life schedule - this is rigid sequence of actions, painted thoroughly but events and time. Therefore, all actions aimed at ensuring health - physical exercises, hygiene procedures, meal times, rest, etc. — rigidly fit into the regime of the day with the exact indication of the time.
For those who are accustomed to setting specific goals and achieving them, there is a clear division into stages of transition with planning for each stage, its intermediate and final goals. In this case, a technology for implementing the program appears: where and when to start, how to organize food, movement, etc. The phased implementation of the program allows you to clarify the goals and objectives of each stage, its duration in accordance with the state of your health, forms of control, the final result for the stage, etc. The fulfillment of the tasks set for the stage allows you to proceed to the next stage. That is, this option does not set strict conditions for each given period of time, however, it allows you to purposefully move towards the transition to a healthy lifestyle.
For those accustomed to comfort and laziness - a soft approximation to the desired. This option does not force you to clearly plan your daily routine or stages, but the person who has taken it believes that any wellness event is already better than nothing (at least sometimes, at least once a week). That is, the premise of this approach is the thesis: it is important to start (for example, you can start only with morning hygienic exercises; then you can refuse the morning cigarette ... Then - try to walk to work ...). This option is especially suitable for a person who cannot drastically change his lifestyle and give up comfortable habits.
For the most inert - the maximum incorporation of the program into the usual daily routine. It is especially suitable for middle-aged and older people who, on the one hand, have already become involved in the usual conditions of life and it is difficult for them to give them up, and on the other hand, they are burdened with social, domestic, personal, professional problems and experience a constant lack of time. The latter circumstance is a convenient reason for them to explain the reluctance to switch to a healthy lifestyle. In this case, they can include elements of the latter in their usual routine (for example, walk part of the way to work; if there is no feeling of hunger, then save time by skipping meals; wash your face with cold water in the morning, etc.). To implement this option, first of all, you should critically analyze your daily routine and life and find those "niches" in them in which such elements could be built.
After weighing your capabilities, the characteristics of your life, the reserves of free time, the state of health, setting the goal and objectives of the transition to a healthy lifestyle, you should choose from the list of indicated options for the program according to which the person is going to work. It is only important that during its implementation he be self-confident, persistent and consistent, systematically analyzing his condition and making appropriate adjustments to his lifestyle. Undoubtedly, all this will give its results both in terms of the efficiency and productivity of human life, and in the level and dynamics of his health.
Naturally, the path of each person to a healthy lifestyle differs in its own characteristics both in time and along the trajectory, but this is not of fundamental importance - the end result is important. The effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle for this person can be determined by a number of biosocial criteria, including:
Estimates of morphological and functional indicators of health:
- level of physical development;
- level of physical fitness.
Assessments of the state of immunity:
- the number of colds and infectious diseases during a certain period;
- in the presence of chronic disease- the dynamics of its flow.
Estimates of adaptation to socio-economic conditions of life:
- efficiency of professional activity;
- activity in the performance of family and household duties;
- breadth and degree of manifestation of social and personal interests.
Estimates of the level of valeological indicators:
- the degree of formation of the attitude towards a healthy lifestyle;
- level of valeological knowledge;
- the level of assimilation of practical knowledge and skills related to the maintenance and promotion of health;
- the ability to independently build an individual health trajectory and a healthy lifestyle program.
What end results does following the conditions of a healthy lifestyle provide in its totality, for the sake of which it is worth exposing yourself to the regime of restriction and stress that underlies it? After analyzing the provisions below, each person can make a conclusion for himself whether it is worth living every day "to the fullest", for his own pleasure, knowing about the consequences of such behavior for health and life itself, or through the education of healthy needs and taking care of one's health as the main life value is to ensure a long, healthy and happy life. So, a healthy lifestyle:
- positively and effectively reduces or eliminates the impact of risk factors, morbidity and, as a result, reduces the cost of treatment;
- contributes to the fact that human life becomes healthier and more durable;
- ensures good family relationships, health and happiness of children;
- is the basis for the realization of a person's need for self-actualization and self-realization, provides high social activity and social success;
- causes high working capacity of the body, reduced fatigue at work, high labor productivity and, on this basis, high material prosperity;
- allows you to give up bad habits, rationally organize and distribute the time budget with the obligatory use of means and methods of active recreation;
- provides cheerfulness, good mood and optimism.