Dependent closed circuit of heat supply. All types of heating systems - dependent, independent, passing, hyperinverter
The main principle by which all heating systems are divided into two main groups is how the coolant circulates in their pipes. It can be natural or forced. There is dependent and independent.
If an independent scheme for connecting heating systems is used, water from the heating network in the heat exchangers heats the secondary coolant, which goes to the heating system.
Naturally, the circulation occurs due to the pressure difference between the cold and hot media. The hot heat carrier provides heating of radiators which heat the room.
As a result, it cools down and is sent back to the boiler through the return pipeline.
natural circulation
Advantages natural circulation are that it is not needed, and hence the supply of electricity on which it works. Since the system is not very complex, its reliability is high. She is also safe.
But there are also disadvantages.
Pipes in a heating system with natural air circulation must have a large diameter so that the coolant passing through them experiences less resistance. The installation features of these pipes are such that they do not always look aesthetically pleasing when assembled. And, perhaps, the main disadvantage of this heating system is that it is not suitable for use in large buildings. But in private houses it functions normally, as well as an associated heating system, and a two-pipe dead-end heating system.
forced circulation
For the operation of a heating system with forced circulation, a pump is required, thanks to which this circulation is ensured.
The advantages of this system are that it can have a very aesthetic appearance. Materials don't cost too much.
A system with forced circulation can provide a coolant supply in any building.
The disadvantages of the system are that it needs additional devices to ensure the safety of its operation, as well as the need for electrical energy, without which it will not work.
The circulation pump is sometimes even included in the scheme of the system with natural circulation. This is done so that at the initial stage of heating the houses warm up faster and more evenly.
Connection types
Depending on how you connect heating appliances in the system, its type is determined. One-pipe, two-pipe, etc. There is a Kanovsky heating system, for example, a hyperinverter heating system, etc.
AT two-pipe system radiators are connected in parallel.
This system is good in that the radiators included in it warm up evenly. The downside of increased material consumption has been increased.
Single pipe heating system so called because the radiators in it are connected to the same pipeline.
The coolant in such a system gives off heat to all its radiators in series. In this regard, the coolant with a much lower temperature reaches the last devices in the chain than it had originally.
However, this significant drawback can be eliminated if a bypass is used. Some of the coolant passes through without entering the radiator.
It happens that in "high-rise buildings", for which heating is used single pipe system, people living on the lower floors do not have enough heat, but on the upper floors, on the contrary, everything is in order with this.
In the collector system, radiators have a supply and return pipelines, their connection is carried out through distribution manifolds. Therefore, solid pipes can be laid to the radiator from the distribution manifold. Due to this, if the pipe wiring is hidden, the reliability of the system increases.
Advantages:
- Monitoring the operation of radiators from one distribution cabinet.
- Aesthetics.
- Pipe integrity.
Flaws:
- The need to install a large number of pipes.
- Inability to provide natural circulation.
- The need for additional safety devices.
As you can see, a dependent and independent heating system, other types of systems have their pros and cons. The choice is made already, based on the specific conditions in which the heating system must be operated.
In modern heating systems, in most cases there are gas condensing and solid fuel boilers, solar collectors, heat pumps.
In principle, the brand under which it is manufactured can tell about the quality of the equipment. If the manufacturer has a good reputation, then the quality of the products manufactured by him is appropriate.
- Vacation home may be a building equipped with various communications and high-quality furniture, but all luxury will become meaningless if the housing is not heated or the heating system is not ...
- Heating affects the comfortable and cozy living in the house. Therefore, the choice of heating your home must be approached with all the seriousness of the issue. If your home has...
First, let's figure out what an independent heating system means. First of all, it should be clear that this heating system is able to work without providing it with electricity. The difference between an independent heating system and other types is that it is not connected to a heat pipeline.
dependent system completely subordinated to the source of its energy supply. It is presented in the form of a boiler, pipes and radiators, interconnected into a single whole. Hot water circulates continuously. In a dependent system, it is not possible to independently regulate the temperature of the supplied water and early shutdown of heating during warming. The dependent heating system is tightly tied to the heating main as the main source of heat carrier.
Features of an independent heating system
An independent scheme for connecting the heating system does not depend on energy sources. There is a negative side of such a heating system - the high cost of its installation. In an independent system, it is possible to use technical water for external needs. As you can see, the dependent heating system is more accessible in terms of installation at the facility. It is mounted without much knowledge. It is important to study in detail the scheme of upcoming work.
Individual heating in a private house allows you to save money by reducing fuel consumption. It can be customized individually to personal desires, creating comfortable living conditions. The dependent heating system is filled with process water. It leaves behind sand and salt, which eventually clog the pipes, disrupting the normal process of water circulation. As for an independent heating system, you can use purified water when installing it. This approach will extend the life of the equipment.
But there is another important point - the dependence on electricity. An independent scheme for connecting the heating system allows you to do without electricity.
You can purchase a boiler that will run on solid fuels. The boiler is presented in the form of a steel tank, a thermostat and mechanical regulators. This will allow you not to be tied to the gas pipeline. But there is also a not very pleasant moment. It is required to periodically load fuel into the blower. To simplify the task, we advise you to make a bunker and a conveyor for supplying fuel. Sawdust and firewood can be used as an energy carrier. You will need electricity to run the transporter.
Heating boilers
The pyrolysis boiler works in two stages. First, the firewood is heated when oxygen is supplied until gas is formed, and then the stage of fuel combustion. To avoid the reverse movement of gases, it is worth thinking about an electric fan. Boilers with top burning can work up to five days with a single supply of coal. Air is constantly moving. This phenomenon is facilitated by an ordinary fan.
Non-volatile boilers in operation allow ignition using a piezoelectric element. When the fuel ignites, it is possible to manually adjust the strength of the flame. After extinguishing, the burner is extinguished at high fuel temperatures, and the pilot burner operates in the normal mode, evenly giving off heat.
Boilers that have a built-in electric ignition do not start when the gas supply stops.
The non-volatile heating system starts working after the fuel has completely cooled down to the set temperature. Electricity is needed to run the fan, which supplies air.
There are many classifications of heating systems. One of them determines the degree of autonomy from resources, on the basis of which there are dependent and independent systems. They have significant differences, primarily in the type of heating equipment.
When independence is needed
Dependent and autonomous system have significant differences. Dependent implies that the equipment operates on certain energy sources and resources. Autonomous can work without them. The main component of the heating system is the boiler, which drives the circulation through the coolant pipeline. It heats the radiators that give off heat to the rooms.
Autonomy is required under the following conditions:
- The house is located in an area characterized by unstable electricity supply.
- There is no power line connected to the house.
- The house is non-gasified.
- The fuel needed to operate the boiler is expensive.
If gas is not supplied to the house, you can choose equipment that runs on wood, coal, electricity, diesel, liquefied gas and others.
In addition, you can stop the choice on the combined equipment. This will allow you to alternate resources, choosing a more economical option or replacing one type of fuel with another, if it is not available. Many modern models volatile, as they are equipped with pumps, protective devices, automation, etc. Often, it is the problem of lack of electricity that requires achieving autonomy.
Electricity Independence
You can solve the issue of autonomy from electricity by purchasing a non-volatile boiler. They are of several types.
The solid fuel type of the boiler is the most common. It works on wood, some models are adapted for loading with coal. The fuel burns in a combustion chamber surrounded by a heat exchanger. Water enters it, which, when heated, changes density and rises through the pipeline. At the top of the house is a tank into which it enters. From the tank, under its own pressure, it moves to the radiators. After cooling, it enters the boiler again, squeezed out by a coolant with more high temperature. Such a heating system, due to the lack of a pump, is called natural.
IMPORTANT: A system with natural movement of water through pipes requires compliance with the basic requirements for the pipeline: it must be of large diameter, be sloped and not have a large number of turns and bends. All this creates resistance to the movement of water.
Subspecies solid fuel boiler are:
- Pellet: they work on special fuel (pellets), they are considered more environmentally friendly.
- On bio-fuel: equipment can be loaded with tops, bones and other household and garden waste. This allows you to get rid of household waste and not spend a lot of money on heating.
- Pyrolysis: have a special combustion principle, which involves two cycles. At the first firewood burns out, and at the second - the formed coals. They smolder for a long time, releasing pyrolysis gas. It also contributes to a longer maintenance of heat. A more economical option as it requires one load to heat up for a whole day.
If gas is supplied to the house, but there is no electricity or interruptions are possible, you can choose a gas boiler. It is more economical in operation, since gas is one of the most affordable resources for heating today. An independent system implies that the gas boiler should not be equipped with a pump, automation, piezo ignition and other devices powered by electricity.
IMPORTANT: Some models of non-volatile gas boilers are equipped with adapters, when replacing which, you can use liquefied gas in balloons.
Complete autonomy
A dependent system, of course, provides a lot of advantages for space heating, the main of which is automation. But in some cases, the owner wants to achieve complete autonomy from any source of energy and fuel. To do this, you can install solar panels.
The function of batteries is to generate electricity from solar. Such a solution will allow you to supply electricity to all appliances in the house, and not just the boiler. It has a very high cost, but pays off after 5 years. It consists of several components: photocells that are installed on the roof or on racks on the site, controller, inverter, battery. Due to the generation of electricity, any type of boiler can be installed in the house and provided with automation.
Water heating systems are divided into two types: open heating system and closed. Both are based on a pipeline with a coolant, an expansion tank and a boiler, they work according to the same principle: the circulation of a coolant that heats the room through heat exchangers. When choosing the type of system, it is necessary to take into account the complexity of the scheme, the efficiency of use for a particular room, the level of capital and operating costs, and other factors.
Such heating works on the natural circulation of water, the pressure of which increases during the heating process. The circuit is very simple, does not include connection additional devices and devices, so it is great for small houses of 1-2 floors. The system consists of a boiler, pipes for water circulation, expansion tank and radiators. All elements are connected in series; during installation, it is important to maintain the angle of inclination of the pipes to ensure free circulation of the coolant.
So that the heating system open type worked correctly, the boiler in the circuit is installed as low as possible, and the expansion tank is installed at the highest point of the heating circuit.
An open heating system has the following advantages:
- Ease of circuit and installation;
- Noiseless operation and heating speed;
- Quick troubleshooting;
- Works without connection to the mains, emergency recharge is not required;
- The circuit is mounted quickly at relatively low cost;
- Quick start and shutdown.
The main disadvantages of an open system:
- Limitation of the contour in length;
- The need to use pipes of increased diameter;
- Requires constant replenishment of water, if not filled in time - there may be an accident;
- It is impossible to fill antifreeze (it actively evaporates), only water;
- Relatively low efficiency;
- Problems with air ingress (cavitation, corrosion, air locks);
- Threat of boiling or defrosting;
- The need for control.
Scheme of a closed system and features of its connection
H2_2Closed heating system includes circulation pump and tank membrane type, it is possible to connect additional devices that facilitate the configuration and operation of the system. These are pressure control valves, drain devices, pressure gauges, thermometers, Mayevsky taps, etc. The system is completely sealed, which prolongs the life of the equipment. To select the volume of the membrane tank and the pump, a calculation is required (the total amount of water, the circulation rate are taken into account).
The principle of operation of heating closed view more difficult, the main role is played by the boiler, pump and expansion tank of the membrane type. During thermal expansion, excess coolant goes into the tank, so the correct calculation of its volume is important, pumping back into the pipes occurs after cooling. The scheme provides for the placement of the tank anywhere, the height does not matter. The advantages of such heating:
- Durability and reliability of equipment operation;
- Constant pressure is provided with the possibility of adjustment;
- The possibility of pumping antifreeze, which is recommended to be used as a coolant instead of water;
- Quick start of the system, high efficiency, cost-effectiveness;
- Possibility of connection of additional devices;
- Relatively simple installation;
- No need for constant monitoring.
The disadvantages of connecting such a system include a large volume of the tank, where the heated coolant is pumped, and the mandatory presence of an electrical network. A closed heating system can operate from alternative sources, but only in emergency cases.
Which system to choose for the house
Safety, reliability, convenience and efficiency - this is what characterizes an independent heating system, chosen correctly. The capital cost calculation shows that a closed system is more expensive. But the final choice should be made taking into account:
- With a large area of \u200b\u200bthe house and several floors, an open heating system may not be able to cope. But for a one-story house, it makes no sense to overpay for connecting a pump, you can get by with a design with natural circulation;
- The presence of electricity for a closed system is mandatory. You should not put a dependent structure where it does not exist or is often disabled;
- With irregular seasonal operation, you can get by with an open circuit, and with permanent residence, it is better to choose a closed structure;
- The possibility or impossibility of pumping antifreeze. Antifreeze can only be pumped into closed systems.
Advice! With an insufficient budget for connecting more expensive heating, it is better to start open circuit. Subsequently, it will be possible to make a calculation and improve it.
How to convert an open system into a closed one
Open heating ceases to satisfy the owners for many reasons (poor operation and adjustment, wear and tear of equipment, an increase in the heated area). Remaking it into closed system preceded by the calculation of equipment for a particular building, which takes into account the number of floors, rooms, their location, the total area of \u200b\u200bthe house, height, and the level of insulation. When converting, the following steps are performed:
- Replacing a conventional expansion tank with a membrane-type device;
- Installation circulation pump. The calculation of its power is done taking into account the total volume of liquid;
- Attachment of additional elements for adjusting pressure, temperature, make-up and other purposes;
- Installing filters.
In the resulting system, it will be possible to simply adjust the temperature and pressure, fill in antifreeze instead of water, there will be no need for constant monitoring of the liquid level and its temperature.