Systems of individual heating of the apartment. Individual heating system in the apartment - and no problems
Today, there are quite a few ways to create a comfortable temperature in the apartment. high-rise building. Our compatriots are trying to insulate their homes as much as possible - for this they use modern expensive materials for wall insulation, install new windows and doors. However, if your apartment has a centralized heating system, all these efforts may be in vain. The most effective method of creating the most comfortable conditions in the cold season is individual heating in the apartment.
Scheme individual heating in the apartment
Reasons for the spread of the system
Today, individual heating is becoming more and more popular. And there are several good reasons for this.
Comfort and accessibility. Why do many seek to install autonomous heating systems? The answer is simple - they are not satisfied with the quality of the centralized heating system at home. Frequent breakdowns, low pressure in the pipes (and as a result - cold batteries), the high cost of the service - all this causes extremely negative reviews. While individual heating in an apartment can create ideal comforts. First of all, you yourself can control the level of heating of the radiators and the duration of the heating boiler. In addition, even adding up the price of the boiler and accessories, the cost of installation and fuel will be significantly less than what is spent on a regular payment of a heating bill provided by the utility.
Another significant advantage of individual heating in apartment building is that the so-called “warm floor”, a heated towel rail can be connected to the system. In addition, it is also used to heat water. That is, by installing a modern heating system, you can save on electricity bills - because you no longer need a boiler.
Types of autonomous systems
At the moment, there are a large number of types of individual heating systems. But the two most popular are gas and electric. Both have a significant list of advantages and are suitable for all residents of apartments without exception.
Of course, before choosing and purchasing a system of a certain type, you should always consult with a specialist.
In addition, you should not install a heating autonomous system independently - such a responsible matter should certainly be entrusted to professionals.
Gas boiler for heating system
The most common is the autonomous heating scheme, in which the central element is a modern double-circuit gas boiler. It is a fairly compact device that is mounted on the wall. This device has a special chamber in which the combustion process takes place. At the same time, the advantage of this type of boiler is that there is no need to create a special flue. Modern system individual heating in the apartment allows the boiler to use air, which is supplied directly from the street through a small pipe. The boiler is supplemented with a specially designed chimney, which allows you to carefully remove the smoke without causing inconvenience to the residents of the apartment or their neighbors.
It should be noted that the scheme of an individual system itself is equipped with a sufficiently large number of various sensors that control its operation at various levels.
The use of such sophisticated technology ensures the fastest and highest quality, and most importantly, safe operation of the system. For example, gas will not enter the combustion chamber until the system has received feedback of normal operation from all sensors present in it. After that it starts working circulation pump- it is responsible for the continuous movement of the coolant. In parallel with this, a vacuum is created in the chamber by means of a special fan. And only after that a small spark is supplied, from which the gas flares up. In this case, the entire verification process takes only a fraction of a second.
Advantages of an individual heating system
The device of individual heating in the apartment is an excellent solution for those who live in multi-storey buildings with a very poor-quality centralized heating system. In fact, residents quite often complain about interruptions in the heating of apartments. There are quite a few reasons for such a poor-quality operation of the system - outdated equipment, which does not allow a complete diagnosis of the state of the system, and, as a result, does not make it possible to identify all its shortcomings. In addition, due to regular breakdowns (and to eliminate them), it is necessary to disconnect the entire riser from heating - and in a fierce winter this is extremely unpleasant.
The advantage of individual heating is that system diagnostics, as well as its repair, do not take much time. In addition, you can independently adjust the heating level of the radiators. And even if there is a need to leave for a while, the individual heating of the house allows you to set the minimum level of heating - so your apartment will not be cold. And, having returned, you will be able to resume the most comfortable temperature conditions in the room in a matter of minutes.
System Disadvantages
Of course, any, even the most modern heating system has some fairly minor drawbacks. The most significant, many users attribute the fact that it is sometimes quite difficult to obtain permission to install an individual heating system. In fact, in some cities, local authorities simply prohibit the installation of these systems. The main motivation is their insecurity. However, for a long time, individual heating in an apartment building has been distinguished by increased security measures, so that in some cases it is still possible to obtain permission to install the equipment necessary for an individual heating system.
Of course, in order to obtain the necessary permits, you may need to create a special commission.
However, the desired result requires such a step. Of course, it is much easier in this case to obtain permission to install individual heating for those who live in a private house. It is enough just to draw up a draft heating system correctly and submit it for consideration to a special commission. If you are not able to correctly calculate individual heating, you can contact the representatives of a company specializing in providing this service.
The second disadvantage of the system is the significant cost of both the installation itself and the services of those who will mount it. However, these costs are well justified. After all, tariffs for centralized heating are currently quite high and are growing every year. So, in any case, even having purchased an expensive installation and regularly spending money on it service maintenance and paying your gas or electricity bills (depending on the type of system), you are quite a short time you can recover your losses. And at the same time you will live in a really warm apartment.
High-quality individual heating systems are in fact important for any housing, whether it is an apartment in high-rise building or a private country cottage.
You should not be afraid of the difficulties that arise when trying to abandon centralized heating - they are all surmountable. The main thing is to contact the appropriate authorities in a timely manner, to comply with all the rules prescribed by the current legislation. In addition, you should certainly be extremely careful when choosing the type of autonomous heating system - you should not act solely on the basis of your own opinion or the recommendations of friends. The most correct decision is to turn to specialists - only a professional will be able to assess how appropriate it is to use a particular type of system in your apartment.
How to install an autonomous heating system in an apartment? What materials to use and in combination with what energy carrier? Is there an ideal scheme for distributing heat in the rooms of an apartment? Making the best decision is not easy. Let's try to understand this vital issue.
The search for new heating solutions often starts after realizing the cost of paying for the use of district heating services. Depending on your climate zone, there are different solutions that you should resort to.
For a warm climate with winter air temperatures near or slightly below zero, making independent heating in an apartment is much easier, safer and, most importantly, cheaper. Perhaps the easiest way to heat an apartment is with electricity, but given the cost of a kilowatt of electricity, this can be costly. Also, such heating implies direct heating of the system, which is really inefficient. How to proceed? An excellent solution - which, during operation, consumes electricity only for pumping heat from a source with low potential. A heat pump reduces electricity consumption by up to 5 times compared to direct heating.
The main requirement when installing a heat pump in an autonomous heating system of an apartment is that the ambient air temperature in winter should not fall below -25 ° C, and the climate should be warm. The lower the temperature outside your windows, the higher the heat loss and the lower the heat output per 1 kWh. Here one can argue that “burning with gas” is much cheaper, but think about the prospects: over time, gas and coal will cost significantly more, and these prices will grow much faster than the price of electricity.
Heating the apartment with a gas boiler
In a cold climate with long and protracted winters, perhaps the only right decision autonomous heating of the apartment the installation will become better than a double-circuit one (one that combines a column and a boiler) connected to the main gas pipeline. Prices on main gas somewhat higher prices for coal and firewood, but do not forget that in this case we are talking about a city apartment, in which there simply will not be a place and conditions for storing a ton of coal or firewood. At the same time, bottled gas will cost you about the same as you pay for a regular central heating(CO), but the inconvenience in changing cylinders will make you think about whether it was worth leaving the usual CO.
For a small apartment, the ideal solution would be the purchase and installation of a gas double-circuit boiler. On such boilers, not only a programmable remote thermostat is usually installed, but also electronic ignition - systems that can provide a uniform temperature at the time of the day you need, and fully automatically.
For heating larger apartments, it makes sense to install a boiler with a storage boiler, which is able to maintain the set temperature more stably, as well as provide you with uninterrupted hot water supply (DHW). With such a device, you will no longer have to suffer from eternal problems with the mixer.
It would seem that all the facts tell us that gas heating almost the most perfect. However, this case also has its own difficulties. Let's list them.
First problem: household gas explosive, and quite a small leak is enough. Second: indoor ventilation system gas equipment must comply with all requirements and regulations; that is, it must be perfect. The removal of smoke from the boiler and column through the wall of the apartment (facade) sometimes requires obtaining complex permits, which is very tedious and not even always possible. Third: in the process of operation, gas heating equipment emits waste - greasy soot, which will surely settle in the ventilation duct and will regularly clog the air duct with combustion products with an unpleasant odor.
Thus, gas provides many conveniences, but creates difficulties. Nevertheless, it can and should be used, because it is an ideal fuel for a heating boiler, and instead of batteries, you can connect a system of underfloor heating. Let's talk about whether it's worth messing with warm floors in the apartment.
Warm floor in the apartment
Individual autonomous heating in the apartment
For heating season quite often there are problems associated with the supply of heat. Untimely start of work of boiler houses, gusts of main pipelines, low temperature coolant - this is not the whole list of troubles that occur during the heating season. Due to these circumstances, many residents seek to obtain permission for the right of apartments.
Autonomous heating options
When the operation of the centralized heating system is unsatisfactory, there is real need in restoring a comfortable indoor microclimate. Naturally, everyone, without exception, strives to create good conditions, bypassing the high costs of organizing the heating system.
There are several ways to implement ideas:
- Steam system. It is based on the use of convection air flows that receive heat directly from the surface of the heating equipment. In this case, gas and electric convectors are installed in the house.
- Warm floor. A very efficient and discreet way to heat your home. It is possible to lay special materials that heat the air by converting electrical energy. Quite often, pipes are mounted on the floor through which hot coolant flows.
- Water heating. This is the most popular method of providing heat to your home today. The boiler heats the coolant, which distributes heat through the heating radiators. The latter give energy to the surrounding space.
Ideally, if you manage to equip, which works all the time. Although in some cases it is more expedient to install equipment to maintain a comfortable temperature in the event of interruptions in heat supply. There are enough offers on the market to successfully solve any problems in the field of independent heat supply.
Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous systems
Installation of individual heating allows not only to solve problems associated with interruptions in the operation of a centralized system. Users receive a number of other undeniable benefits:
Possibility of individual regulation temperature regime. If all the inhabitants of the house go about their business, then it is not at all necessary to force the boiler to work at full capacity. Modern automation provides the ability to program the operation of the system and adjust the mode over time.
A flexible approach to the use of operating modes allows you to save energy. This is very important for homeowners as it reduces service costs.
It is possible to adjust the temperature separately in each room. To do this, you need to install heating batteries stop valves. At the same time, comfort is guaranteed not only in the cold season, but also in the off-season.
The apartment is heated with maximum energy efficiency. There are no unproductive heat losses on centralized supply lines. This is also one of the factors that reduces the cost of kWh of heat.
Heating equipment is characterized by ease of operation. Thanks to this, even an inexperienced user will be able to change the operating mode depending on the outdoor climatic conditions.
Double-circuit models provide economic needs for hot water. And this means that you can refuse hot water and reduce utility costs.
The temperature in individual rooms can be maintained automatically. To do this, it is necessary to supplement the system with control sensors.
Individual system heating in the apartment has the only drawback - a long payback period. Depending on the cost of equipment, installation work and project documentation it can be from 5 to 10 years.
Heating boilers
Gas heating boiler
Homeowners pay special attention to the choice of boiler model. The efficiency of the system and the cost of one kilowatt of thermal energy largely depend on the correct decision.
There are several types of equipment:
- Solid fuel. It is designed for individual residential buildings. For the most part, it requires a separate room and is not suitable for installation in apartment buildings.
- Liquid fuel powered. Similar to the previous option. In addition to the place for the boiler room, it also needs a tank where the fuel supply will be stored.
- Combined appliances. They are suitable for apartments as they can generate heat from gas or electricity. However, this is not the best choice. For versatility, designers had to sacrifice efficiency.
- Electrical devices. This is the most environmentally friendly type of equipment that does not have a combustion chamber and does not produce smoke. The level of automation is very high and allows you to manage all processes without human intervention. The only drawback is the relatively high cost of the energy carrier.
- Gas boilers. This is the best option for the vast majority of high-rise buildings. Even if the house does not have ventilation shafts, the chimney can be brought outside through a hole in the outer wall. In all other respects, users receive advantages over electrical counterparts. The most important ones are low cost of energy carriers and long term of perfect operation.
Infrared heaters
Gas heater with infrared element
A lot of heating devices based on infrared radiation have appeared in the retail network. It is good to use them as local individual heating of the apartment.
Such devices have a number of positive characteristics:
- Environmental friendliness. There are no products of combustion, and oxygen is not burned indoors. Infrared rays do not heat the air, but only the surface on which they directly affect.
- Efficiency. This does not mean at all that cold air masses predominate in the room. Each piece of furniture in this case acts as a heat exchanger. Heating itself, it gives off excess heat to the surrounding space.
- Uniform heating. Throughout the coverage area infrared emitters the same temperature is maintained. Heat does not rise to the ceiling, as it does with convection currents.
- There is no need to perform complex installation work. Any user can prepare the equipment for operation by following the instructions.
- Long service life.
- Ease of maintenance and operation.
AT given time manufacturers have proposed a "warm floor" system, the principle of operation of which is based on infrared radiation. A series of film materials allows you to turn any surface into a source of thermal energy.